Archives May 2013

The word 'Internet' flashes many images upon the canvas of the human mind. The dominant one may be hundreds or thousands of computers and computer networks connected with each other exchanging information. This is the hardware aspect of internet. Its application aspect is the multitude of different services interval offers, by E-mail and others. Yet another image is that of everyone doing their own thing. Through internet, any type of information can be exchanged like text, audio-video signals on data, etc. Every country has an information network through which it is connected to internet. Internet is mostly used for Electronic mail, i.e. E-mail messages can be sent to anyone connected to internet. This also helps in development of software data base, which is the base of internet. With the development of multimedia, the interest of people in internet has increased. Through the use of internet and joining of computer, telephone more...

I have sweet and beautiful dreams of my country. I am a resident of India. She is my beloved motherland. I am proud of being an Indian. I wish that my country may rise to a great nation. She should help her neighbours and may give them the message of peace. I wish that my country should become militarily strong and be fully prepared in this nuclear age for defence. I wish that no foreign country may dare attack again, like the plundering raids of the old times. We should try to live peacefully with our neighbors. But we should not lack in our security in the name of peace. Hence, I wish she should become first rate world power in terms of military strength. I wish that my country should become a messenger for peace in the world. India's great culture and civilization had once spread in the far more...

A peacock is a very beautiful bird. It is also very large. The male peacock is good looking, but a peahen (female peacock) looks rather ugly. It is simply a brown bird having no lovely tail like its male partner. It has rough and ugly legs. A peacock is found mainly in India and different other parts of Asia. It lives on snakes, frogs, insects and food grains. The feathers in its wings are the combination of blue and green colours. There are beautiful blue feathers in its neck. But the most attractive and beautiful part of the body is its lovely long tail. When it spreads it, the tail looks like a big fan. There are three colours in it: blue, green and golden. The rainy season is the most favourite season for a peacock- When it rains, it rains, it  becomes very happy and starts spreading its nice more...

The human quest for clean, drinkable water has been going on for thousands of years, and methods of purifying   water   have   undergone   countless incarnations over this time. According to the evidence of Sanskrit writings dating to approximately 2000 B.C.E., water filtration appears to have been developed in the-Indus Valley, located in current day Pakistan and western India. The Susruta Samhita, ancient Sanskrit medical writings, include instructions on purifying water: "Impure water should be purified by being boiled over a fire, or being heated in the sun, or by dipping a heated iron into it, or it may be purified by filtration through sand and coarse gravel and then allowed to cool." Early purification methods were focused on the aesthetic qualities of water,'..such as taste and appearance, rather than hygiene. The ancient Egyptians were also concerned with the appearance of their drinking water. As early as 1500 more...

Films have influenced our lives in the way no other medium of entertainment has done. Even a small incident concerning the life of film stars becomes a big news. It is due to the importance attached to films and the persons concerned with them. Before the invasion of television in the Indian homes, cinema was the cheapest means of entertainment. Films have always occupied the centre stage on the television screen too. Even after the advent of round-the-clock satellite channels, it has continued to share the majority of air time. There are many channels fully devoted to cinema. Even newspapers have not remained aloof from it. They carry articles concerning films on weekly and daily basis. They gossip about film personalities, their affairs, and carry quizzes and blow-ups. Cinema has dealt with most of the social problems India has faced in the past or is facing today. It can be more...

So much construction has taken place in towns and cities that they appear to be 'jungles of concrete'. Wherever we may look, towns and cities are full of concrete structures. A public park is, no doubt, a soothing sight to the eye. We are fortunate that there is a public park near our house. it is' called the ChanarasneKnar Park. It is situated in a large ground and is divided into two sections. One section is the garden. It has a large beautiful entrance which leads to a large circle with the fountain in the middle. It is surrounded by tall and dense trees on all sides. The fountain is surrounded by rows of small plants and grass lawns. It also has some cement benches for people to sit on. The colourful water in the fountain gives a splendid sight. People come here for a picnic. The other section is more...

"The oxide on aluminum is naturally corrosion resistant, an insulator and very tenacious." Mario S. Pennisi, consultant A rusty automobile is a shame. A rusty piece of aluminum, however, is not only desirable, it is anodized. When exposed to oxygen, pure aluminum metal builds up a layer of aluminum oxide. The aluminum oxide has a significantly greater resistance to corrosion and abrasion and consequently serves as a sturdy shell to protect the rest of the aluminum. Anodizing is a process right out of a mad scientist movie. In 1927 Charles Gbw.er and Stafford O'Brien patented a sulfuric acid anodizing process that is now the most common way to anodize aluminum. The aluminum is first immersed in electrified sulfuric acid. Electric charges cause oxygen to build up on the surface of the aluminum, creating a thick coat of aluminum oxide. Next, the aluminum can be easily colored and used in countless more...

Anyone taking a medication only once a day should thank Alejandro Zaffaroni (b. 1923). It was his pioneering attitude that brought about slow-release medications, including drugs that are absorbed through the skin and five-year reversible birth control. In 1949 Zaffaroni received a PhD from the University of Rochester in New York after his thesis on quantitative analysis of natural steroids. His work had taught him that organisms generally released steroids in small amounts over relatively long periods of time. This was in stark contrast to most medications of the 1940s, which involved relatively large doses in pill-like forms. In 1968 he founded Alza (an acronym of his own name) to pursue his concept of improving medical treatment through controlled drug delivery. He had seen the side effects that many medicines produced when they were sent to the bloodstream all in one massive dose, and knew there had to be a more...

"[Give people] a Post-it® note and they immediately know what to do with it and see its value." Arthur Fry The Post-it® is a small reminder note, stuck temporarily to documents, computers, and other prominent spots. Launched commercially in 1980 by Arthur Fry (b, 1931) and Spencer Silver (b. 1941), employees of 3M in the United States, the notes are available in a wide range of shapes and colors, although the original yellow, three- inch (7.5 cm) square note is still the most popular. In 1968 Silver developed a "low-tack" reusable adhesive made of tiny, indestructible acrylic spheres. Sticking to a given surface at a tangent rather than flat against it, the adhesive was sufficiently strong enough to hold papers together, but weak enough to separate them without tearing. Silver envisaged its application as a spray, or as a surface for notice hoards. He spent five unsuccessful years promoting his more...

Telegraphing is a way of sending messages using wires and an electric current. At one end, the sender naps out a word with a switch. Each tap completes the circuit and allows electricity to flow. The electricity flows down wires to the receiver, where it powers an indicator dial or pointer, enabling the operator to observe the message coming in. Early forms of the telegraph were based on electrolysis, in which electricity passes through a liquid to produce a visual effect. Samuel Thomas von Sommering'S early electrolysis telegraph consisted of thirty wires immersed in acidic water, one for each letter of the German alphabet. As the letters were tapped and the circuit completed, an electrochemical reaction produced a flow of hydrogen bubbles. The message was easily deciphered by watching which wire produced the bubbles. Baron Pavel Schilling (c. 1780-1836) decided to collaborate with von Sommering to invent a more practical more...