Answer:
Soap is sodium or potassium salt
of higher fatty acids. When hard water containing \[C{{a}^{2+}}\] and \[M{{g}^{2+}}\]
ions is treated with soap solution, the fatty acids anions combine with \[C{{a}^{2+}}\]
and\[M{{g}^{2+}}\] ions and form curdy white precipitates. As a result hard
water does not produce lather with soap.
\[\underset{Soap}{\mathop{2{{C}_{17}}{{H}_{35}}COONa}}\,+CaC{{l}_{2}}\to
\underset{Curdy\,white\,ppt.}{\mathop{{{({{C}_{17}}{{H}_{35}}COO)}_{2}}Ca\downarrow
+2NaCl}}\,\]
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