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11th Biology Biomolecules

1)

What are macromolecules? Give examples.
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2)

Illustrate a glycosidic, peptide and a phosphodiester bond.
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3)

What is meant by tertiary structure of proteins?
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4)

Find and write down structures of 10 interesting small molecular weight biomolecules. Find if there is any industry which manufactures the compounds by isolation. Find out who are the buyers.
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5)

Proteins have primary structure. If you are given a method to know which amino acid is at either of the two termini (ends) of a protein, can you connect this information to purity or homogeneity of a protein?
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6)

Find out and make a list of proteins used as therapeutic agents. Find other applications of proteins (e.g; cosmetics, etc.)
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7)

Explain the composition of triglyceride,?
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8)

Can you describe what happens when milk is converted into curd or yoghurt, from your understanding of proteins.
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9)

Can you attempt building models of biomolecules using commercially available atomic models (Ball and stick models).
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10)

Attempt titrating an amino acid against a weak base and discover the number of dissociating (ionisable) functional groups in the amino acid.
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11)

Draw the structure of the amino acid and alanine. Answer
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12)

What are gums made of? Is fevicol different?
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13)

Find out a qualitative test for proteins, fats and oils and starch amino acids and test any fruit juice, saliva, sweat and urine for them.
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14)

Find out how much cellulose is made by all the plants in the biosphere and compare it with how much of paper is manufactured by man and hence, what is the consumption of plant material by man annually. What a loss of vegetation?
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15)

Describe the important properties of enzymes.
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16) It is said that elemental composition of living organisms and that of inanimate objects (like earth's crust) are similar in the sense that all the major elements are present in both. Then what would be the difference between these two groups? Choose a correct answer from among the following. (a) Living organisms have more gold in them than inanimate objects (b) Living organisms have more water in their body than inanimate objects (c) Living organisms have more carbon/ oxygen and hydrogen per unit mass thaninanimate objects (d) Living organisms have more calcium in them than inanimate objects
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17) Many elements are found in living organisms either free or in the form of compounds. One of the following is not found in living organisms. (a) Silicon (b) Magnesium (c) Iron (d) Sodium
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18) Amino acids have both an amino group and a carboxyl group in their structure. Which amongst the following is an amino acid? (a) Formic acid (b) Glycerol (c) Glyolic acid (d) Glycine
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19) An amino acid under certain conditions have both positive and negative charges simultaneously in the same molecule. Such a form of amino acid is called (a) acidic form (b) basic form (c) aromatic form (d) zwitterionic form
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20) Which of the following sugars have the same number of carbon as present in glucose? (a) Fructose (b) Erythrose (c) Ribulose (d) Ribose
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21) An add soluble compound formed by phosphorylation of nucleoside is called (a) nitrogen base (b) adenine (c)sugar phosphate (d) nucleotide
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22) When we homogenize any tissue in an acid, the acid soluble pool represents (a) cytoplasm (b) cell membrane (c) nucleus (d) mitochondria
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23) The most abundant chemical in living organisms could be (a) protein (b) water (c) sugar (d) nucleic acid
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24) A homopolymer has only one type of building block called monomer repeated 'n' number of times. A heteropolymer has more than one type of monomer. Proteins are heteropolymers usually made of (a) 20 types of monomers (b) 40 types of monomers (c) 30 types of monomers (d) only one type of monomer
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25) Proteins perform many physiological functions. For example, some functions as enzymes. One of the following represents an additional function that some proteins discharge (a) Antibiotics (b) Pigment conferring colour to skin (c) Pigments making colours of flowers (d) Hormones
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26) Glycogen is a homopolymer made of (a) glucose units (b) galactose units (c) ribose units (d) amino acids
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27) The number of 'ends' in a glycogen molecule would be (a) Equal to the number of branches plus one (b) Equal to the number of branch points (c) One (d) Two, one on the left side and another on the right side
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28) The primary structure of a protein molecule has (a) two ends (b) one end (c) three ends (d) no ends
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29) Which of the following reactions is not enzyme mediated in biological system? (a) Dissolving CO^ in water (b) Unwinding the two strands of DNA (c) Hydrolysis of sucrose (d) Formation of peptide bond
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30) Medicines are either man made {i.e., synthetic) or obtained from living organisms like plants, bacteria, animals, etc., and hence, the latter are called natural products. Sometimes, natural products are chemically altered by man to reduce toxicity or side effects. Write against each of the following whether they were initially obtained as a natural product or as a synthetic chemical. (a) Penicillin (b) Sulphonamide (c) Vitamin-C (d) Growth hormone
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31) Select an appropriate chemical bond among ester bond, glycosidic bond, peptide bond and hydrogen bond and write against each of the following. (a) Polysaccharide (b) Protein (c) Fat (d) Water
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32) Write the name of any one ammo acid, sugar, nudeotide and fatty acid.
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33) Reaction given below is catalyzed by oxidoreductase between two substrates A and A?, complete the reaction. A reduced + A' oxidized
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34) How are prosthetic groups different from co-factors?
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35) Glycine and alanine are different with respect to one substituent on the a-carbon. What are the other common substituent groups?
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36) Starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin are polysaccharides found among the following. Choose the one appropriate and write against each. Cotton fibre .................. Exoskeleton of cockroach .................. Liver .................. Peeled potato ..................
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37) Enzymes are proteins. Proteins a re long chains of ammo adds Linked to each other by peptide bonds. Amino acids have many functional groupsin their structure. These functional groups are many of them atleast, ionisable. As they are weak acids andbases in chemical nature, this ionization is influenced by pH of the solution. For many enzymes, activity is influenced by surrounding pH. This is depicted in the curve below, explain briefly.
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38) Is rubber a primary metabolite or a secondary metabolite? Write four sentences about rubber.
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39) Schematically represent primary, secondary and tertiary structures of a hypothetical polymer say for example a protein.
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40) Nucleic acids exhibit secondary structure, justify with example.
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41) Comment on the statement "living state is a non-equilibrium steady state to be able to perform work.
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42) Formation of Enzyme substrate complex (ES) is the first step in the catalyzed reactions. Describe the other steps till the formation of product.
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43) What are different classes of enzymes? Explain any two with the type of reactions they catalyze.
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44) Nucleic adds exhibit secondary structure. Describe through Watson-Crick model.
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45) What is the difference between a nucleotide and nucleoside? Give two examples of each with their structure.
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46) Describe various forms of lipid with a few examples.
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