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Bacteria cannot be seen with the naked eyes, but can be seen with the help of a microscope. If you have to carry a sample from your home to your biology laboratory to demonstrate the presence of microbes under a microscope, which sample would you carry and why?
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Give examples to prove that microbes release gases during metabolism.
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In which food would you find lactic acid bacteria? Mention some of their useful applications.
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Name some traditional Indian foods made of wheat, rice and Bengal gram (or their products) which involve using microbes.
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In which way microbes have played a major role in controlling diseases caused by harmful bacteria?
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Name any two species of fungus, which are used in the production of the antibiotics.
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What is sewage? In which way can this be harmful for us?
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What is the key difference between primary and secondary sewage treatment?
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Do you think microbes can also be used as source of energy? If yes, how?
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Microbes can be used to decrease the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Explain how this can be accomplished?
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Three water samples namely river water, untreated sewage water and secondary effluent discharged from a sewage treatment plant were subjected to BOD test. The samples were labelled A, B and C; but the laboratory attendant did not note which was which. The BOD values of the three samples A, B and C were recorded as 20mg/L, 8mg/L, and 400mg/L, respectively. Which sample of the water is most polluted? Can you assign the correct label to each assuming the river water is relatively clean?
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Find out the name of the microbes from which Cyclosporin A (an immunosuppressive drug) and Statins (blood cholesterol lowering agents) are obtained.
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Find out the role of microbes in the following and discuss it with your teacher.
(i) Single cell protein (SCP)
(ii) Soil bacteria.
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Arrange the following in the decreasing order (most important first) of their importance, for the welfare of human society. Give reasons for your answer:
Biogas, Citric acid. Penicillin and Curd.
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How do biofertilizers enrich the fertility of the soil?
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question_answer16)
The vitamin whose content increases
following the conversion of milk into curd by lactic acid bacteria is
(a) vitamin-C (b)
vitamin-D (c) vitamin-B12 (d)
vitamin-E
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question_answer17)
Waste water treatment generates
a large quantity of sludge, which can be treated by
(a) an aerobic digesters (b)
floe (c) chemicals (d) oxidation pond
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question_answer18)
Methanogenic bacteria are not
found in
(a) rumen of
cattle (b) gobar gas
plant
(c) bottom of water-logged paddy
fields (d) activated sludge
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question_answer19)
Match the following column of bacteria
and their commercially important products.
Column I(Bacterium)
|
Column II(Product)
|
A. Aspergillusniger
B. Acerobacteraceti
C. Clostridium butylicum
D. lactiobacilllus
|
1. Lactic acid
2. butyric acid
3. Acetic acid
4. citric acid
|
Codes
A B C D
(a) 2 3 4 1
(b) 2 4 3 1
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 4 1 3 2
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question_answer20)
Match the following column of bioactive
substances and their roles.
Column I(Bioactive)
|
Column II(Role)
|
A.
Statin
B.
Cytosporin A
C.
Streptokinase
D.
Lipase
|
1.
Removal of oil stains
2.
Removal of clots from blood vessels
3.
Lowering of blood cholesterol
4. immune-suppressive
agent
|
Codes
A B C D
(a) 2 3 1 4
(b) 4 2 1 3
(c) 4 1 3 2
(d) 1 2 3 4
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question_answer21)
The primary treatment of waste
water involves the removal of
(a) dissolved
impurities (b) stable particles
(c) toxic
substances (d) harmful
bacteria
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question_answer22)
BOD of waste water is estimated
by measuring the amount of
(a) total organic
matter (b) biodegradable
organic matter
(c) oxygen
evolution (d) oxygen
consumption
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question_answer23)
Which one of the following alcoholic
drinks is produced without distillation?
(a) Wine (b)
Whisky (c) Rum (d)
Brandy
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question_answer24)
The technology of biogas production from
cow dung was developed in India largely due to the efforts of
(a) Gas Authority of India
(b) Oil and Natural Gas
Commission
(c) Indian Agricultural Research
Institute, Khadi and Village Industries Commission
(d) Indian Oil Corporation
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question_answer25)
The free-livings fungus Tiichoderma can
be used for
(a) killing insects (b)
biological control of plant diseases
(c) controlling butterfly
caterpillars (d) producing antibiotics
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question_answer26)
What would happen if oxygen availability
to activated sludge floes is reduced?
(a) I will slow down the rate of
degradation of organic matter
(b) The center of floes will
become anoxic, which would cause death of bacteria and eventually breakage
offices
(c) Floes would increase in size
as an aerobicbacterial would grow around floes
(d) Protozoa would grow in large
numbers
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question_answer27)
Mycorrhiza does not help the host plant
in
(a) enhancing its phosphorus
uptake capacity (b) increasing its tolerance to drought
(c) enhancing its resistance to
root pathogens (d) increasing its resistance to insects
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question_answer28)
Which one of the following is
not a nitrogen-fixing organism?
(a) Anabaena (b)
Nostoc (c) Azotobacter (d) Pseudomonas
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question_answer29)
Big holes in Swiss cheese are
made by a
(a) a machine
(b) a bacterium that produces
methane gas
(c) a bacterium producing a
large amount of carbon dioxide
(d) a fungus that releases a lot
of gases during its metabolic activities
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question_answer30)
The residue left after methane
production from cattle dung is
(a) burnt
(b) hurried in land fills
(c) used as manure
(d) used in civil construction
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question_answer31)
Methanogens do not produce
(a) oxygen (b) methane (c)
hydrogen sulphide (d) carbon dioxide
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question_answer32)
Activated sludge should have the ability
to settle quickly so that it can
(a) be rapidly pumped back from
sedimentation tank to aeration tank
(b) absorb pathogenic bacteria
present in waste water while sinking to the bottom of the settling tank
(c) be discarded and anaerobically
digested
(d) absorb colloidal organic
matter
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question_answer33)
Match the following columns.
Column I
|
Column II
|
A. Lady bird
B. Mycorrhiza
C. Biological control
D. Biogas
|
1. Methanobacterium
2. Trichoderma
3. Aphids
4. Glomus
|
Codes
A B C D
(a) 2 4 3 1
(b) 3 4 2 1
(c) 4 1 2 3
(d) 3 2 1 4
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question_answer34)
Why does 'Swiss cheese' have big
holes?
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question_answer35)
What are fermentors?
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question_answer36)
Name a microbe used for statin
production. How do statin lower blood cholesterol level?
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question_answer37)
Why do we prefer to call secondary waste
water treatment as biological treatment?
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question_answer38)
What for nucleo polyhedro viruses are
being used now a-days?
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question_answer39)
How has the discovery of
antibiotics helped mankind in the field of medicine?
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question_answer40)
Why is distillation required for
producing certain alcoholic drinks?
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question_answer41)
Write the most important
characteristic that Aspergillusniger, Clostridium butylicum, and Lactobacillus
share.
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question_answer42)
What would happen if our
intestine harbours microbial flora exactly similar to that found in the rumen
of cattle?
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question_answer43)
Give any two microbes that are useful in
biotechnology.
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question_answer44)
What is the source organism for
Eco RI, restriction endo nuclease?
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question_answer45)
Name any genetically modified crop.
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question_answer46)
Why are blue-green algae not popular as
bio fertilisers?
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question_answer47)
Which species of Penicillium produces
Roquefort cheese?
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question_answer48)
Name the states involved in Ganga Action
Plan.
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question_answer49)
Name any two industrially important
enzymes.
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question_answer50)
Name an immune immunosuppressive
agent?
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question_answer51)
Given an example of a rod-shaped virus.
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question_answer52)
What is the group of bacteria found in
both the rumen of cattle and sludge of sewage treatment?
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question_answer53)
Name a microbe used for the
production of swiss cheese.
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question_answer54)
Why are floes important in biological
treatment of waste water?
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question_answer55)
How has the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis
helped us in controlling caterpillars of insect pests?
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question_answer56)
How do mycorrhizal fungi help the plants
harbouring them?
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question_answer57)
Why are cyanobacteria considered
useful in paddy fields?
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question_answer58)
How was penicillin discovered?
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question_answer59)
Name the scientists who were
credited for showing the role of penicillin asan antibiotic?
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question_answer60)
How do bioactive molecules of
fungal origin help in restoring good health of humans?
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question_answer61)
What roles do enzymes play in
detergents that we use for washing clothes? Are these enzymes produced from
some unique microorganisms?
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question_answer62)
What is the chemical, nature of biogas.
Name an organism which is involved in biogas production?
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question_answer63)
How do microbes reduces the
environmental degradation causes by chemicals?
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question_answer64)
What is a broad spectrum
antibiotic? Name one such antibiotic.
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question_answer65)
What are viruses parasitising
bacteria called? Draw a well labelled diagram of the same.
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question_answer66)
Which bacterium has been used as a clot
buster? What is its mode oraction?
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question_answer67)
What are biofertilisers? Give
two examples.
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question_answer68)
Why is aerobic degradation more
important than anaerobic degradation for the treatment of large volumes of
wastewaters rich in organic matter. Discuss,
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question_answer69)
(a) Discuss about the major programs
that the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, has
initiated for saving Major Indian Rivers from pollution.
(b) Ganga has recently been
declared the national river. Discuss, the implication with respect to pollution
of this river.
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question_answer70)
Draw a diagrammatic sketch of
biogas plant and label its various components given below gas holder, sludge
chamber, digester, dung +water chamber.
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question_answer71)
Describe the main ideas behind the
biological control of pests and diseases.
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question_answer72)
(a) What would happen if a large
volume of untreated sewage is discharged into a river?
(b) In what way anaerobic sludge
diagestion is important in sewage treatments?
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question_answer73)
Which type of food would have lactic
acid bacteria? Discuss their useful application.
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