done 12th Biology Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants

• question_answer1)
  Name the parts of an angiosperm flower in which development of male and female gametophyte take place.
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• question_answer2)
  Differentiate between microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. Which type of cell division occurs during these events? Name the structures formed at the end of these two events.
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• question_answer3)
  Arrange the following terms in a correct developmental sequence: Pollen grain, sporogenous tissue, microspore tetrad, pollen mother cell, male gametes.
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• question_answer4)
  With a neat, labelled diagram, describe the parts of a typical angiosperm ovule.  
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• question_answer5)
  What is meant by monosporic development of female gametophyte?
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• question_answer6)
  With a neat diagram, explain the 7-celled, 8-nucleate mature female gametophyte.
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• question_answer7)
  What are chasmogamous flowers? Can crosspollination occur in cleistogamous flowers? Give reasons for your answer.
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• question_answer8)
  Mention two strategies evolved by flowers to prevent self-pollination.
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• question_answer9)
  What is self-incompatibility? Why does self-pollination not lead to seed formation in self-incompatible species?
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• question_answer10)
  What is bagging technique? How is it useful in a plant breeding programme?
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• question_answer11)
  What is triple fusion? Where and how does it take place? Name the nuclei involved in triple fusion.
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• question_answer12)
  Why do you think the zygote is dormant for sometime in a fertilized ovule?
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• question_answer13)
  Differentiate between : (a) Hypocotyl and epicotyl; (b) Coleoptile and coleorhiza; (c) Integument and testa; (d) Perisperm and pericarp.  
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• question_answer14)
  Why apple is called false fruit? What part/s of the flower forms the fruit?
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• question_answer15)
  What is meant by emasculation? When and why does a plant breeder employ this technique?
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• question_answer16)
  If one can induce parthenocarpy through the application of growth substances, which fruits you would select parthenocarpy and why?
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• question_answer17)
  Explain the role of tapetum in the pollen-grain wall formation.
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• question_answer18)
  What is apomixis and what is its importance?
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• question_answer19)     Among the terms listed below, those that of are not technically correct names for a floral whorl are (i) androecium                  (ii) carpel                             (iii) corolla                           (iv) sepal (a) (i) and (iv)                     (b) (iii) and (iv)                  (c) (ii) and (iv)                    (d) (i) and (ii)

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• question_answer20)                 Embryo sac is to ovule as ......... is to an anther. (a) stamen          (b) filament                        (c) pollen grain                  (d) androecium

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• question_answer21)   In a typical complete, bisexual and hypogynous flower the arrangement of floral whorls on the thalamus from the outermost to the innermost is (a) calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium     (b) calyx, corolla, gynoecium and androecium (c) gynoecium, androecium, corolla and calyx     (d) androecium, gynoecium, corolla and calyx

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• question_answer22)   A dicotyledonous plant bears flowers, but never produces fruits and seeds. The most probable cause for the above situation is (a) plant is dioecious and bears only pistillate flowers (b) plant is dioecious and bears both pistillate and staminate flowers (c) plant is monoecious (d) plant is dioecious and bears only staminate flowers

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• question_answer23)   The outermost and innermost wall layers of microsporangium in an anther are respectively. (a) Endothecium and tapetum                                   (b) Epidermis and endodermis (c) Epidermis and middle layer                                   (d) Epidermis and tapetum

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• question_answer24)                 During microsporogenesis, meiosis occurs in (a) endothecium                                                              (b) microspore mother cells (c) microspore tetrads                                                   (d) pollen grains

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• question_answer25)   From among the sets of terms given below, identify those that are associated with the gynoecium. (a) Stigma, ovule, embryo sac, placenta                                 (b) Thalamus, pistil, style, ovule (c) Ovule, ovary, embryo sac, tapetum                  (d) Ovule, stamen, ovary, embryo sac

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• question_answer26)   Starting from the innermost part, the correct sequence of parts in an ovule are (a) egg, nucleus, embryo sac, integument                            (b) egg, embryo sac, nucellus, integument (c) embryo sac, nucleus, integument, egg                            (d) egg, integument, embryo sac, nucellus

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• question_answer27)   From the statements given below choose the option that are true for atypical female gametophyte of. (i) It is eight-nucleate and seven-celled at maturity. (ii) It is free-nuclear during the development. (iii) It is situated inside the integument, but outside the nucellus. (iv)It has an egg apparatus situated at the chalazal end. (a) (i) and (iv)                      (b) (ii) and (iii)                  (c) (i) and (ii)                       (d) (ii) and (iv)

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• question_answer28)   Autogamy can occur in a chasmogamous flower if (a) pollen matures before maturity of ovule                        (b) ovules mature before maturity of pollen (c) both pollen and ovules mature simultaneously            (d) both anther and stigma are of equal lengths

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• question_answer29)   Choose the correct statement from the following. (a) Cleistogamous flowers always exhibit autogamy.       (b) Chasmogamous flowers always exhibit geitonogamy. (c) Cleistogamous flowers exhibit both autogamy and geitonogamy. (d) Chasmogamous flowers never exhibit autogamy.

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• question_answer30)   A particular species of plant produces light, non-sticky pollen in large numbers and its stigmas are long and feathery. These modifications facilitate pollination by (a) insects                           (b) water                             (c) wind                                                (d) animals

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• question_answer31)   From among the situations given below, choose the one that prevents both autogamy and geitonogamy. (a) Monoecious plant bearing unisexual flowers.                              (b) Dioecious plant bearing only male or female flowers. (c) Monoecious plant with bisexual flowers. (d) Dioecious plant with bisexual flowers.

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• question_answer32)   In a fertilized embryo sac, the haploid, diploid and triploid structure are (a) synergid, zygote and primary endosperm nucleus     (b) synergid, antipodal and polar nuclei (c) antipodal, synergid and primary endosperm nucleus                (d) synergid, polar nuclei and zygote

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• question_answer33)   In an embryo sac, the cells that degenerate after fertilization are (a) synergids and primary endosperm cell            (b) synergids and antipodals (c) antipodals and primary endosperm cell           (d) egg and antipodals

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• question_answer34)   While planning for an artificial hybridization programme involving dioecious plants, which of the following steps would not be relevant? (a) Bagging of female flower                                       (b) Dusting of pollen on stigma (c) Emasculation                                                               (d) Collection of pollen

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• question_answer35)   In the embryos of a typical dicot and a grass, true homologous structures are (a) coieorrhiza and coleoptile                                     (b) coleoptile and scutellum (c) cotyledons and scutellum                                      (d) hypocotyl and radicle

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• question_answer36)   The phenomenon observed in some plants where in parts of the sexual apparatus is used for forming embryos without fertilization is called (a) parthenocarpy                                           (b) apomixes     (c) vegetative propagation                                          (d) sexual reproduction

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• question_answer37)   In a flower, if the megaspore mother cell forms megaspores without undergoing meiosis and if one of the megaspores develops into anembryo sac, its nuclei would be (a) haploid                                                                          (b) diploid (c) a few haploid and a few diploid                           (d) with varying ploidy

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• question_answer38)   The phenomenon wherein, the ovary develops into a fruit without fertilization is called (a) parthenocarpy                                                           (b) apomixes                     (c) asexual reproduction                                               (d) sexual reproduction

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• question_answer39)       Name the component cells of the 'egg-apparatus7 in an embryo sac.

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• question_answer40)     Name the part of gynoecium that determines the compatible nature of pollen grain.

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• question_answer41)   Name the common function that cotyledons and nucleus perform.

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• question_answer42)   Complete the following flow chart Pollen mother

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• question_answer43)     Indicate the stages where meiosis and mitosis occur (1, 2 or 3) in the flowchart. Megaspore mother cell  Megaspores  Embryo sac  Egg    

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• question_answer44)       In the diagram given below, show the path of a pollen tube from the pollen on the stigma into the embryo sac. Name the components of egg apparatus.

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• question_answer45)     Name the parts of pistil which develop into fruit and seeds.

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• question_answer46)   In case of polyembryony, if an embryo develops from the synergid and another from the nucleus which is haploid and which is diploid?

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• question_answer47)   Can an unfertilized, apomictic embryo sac give rise to a diploid embryo? If yes, then how?

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• question_answer48)   Which are the three cells found in a pollen grain when it is shed at the three celled stage?

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• question_answer49)   What is self-incompatibility?

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• question_answer50)   Name the type of pollination in self-incompatible plants.

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• question_answer51)   Draw the diagram of a mature embryo sac and show its eight-nucleate ,seven-celled nature. Show the following parts-antipodals, synergids, egg, central cell, polar nuclei.

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• question_answer52)   Which is the triploid tissue in a fertilized ovule? How is the triploid condition achieved?                                 

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• question_answer53)     Are pollination and fertilization necessary in apomixis? Give reasons.

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• question_answer54)   Identify the type of carpel with the help of diagrams given below

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• question_answer55)   How is pollination carried out in water plants?

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• question_answer56)   What is the function of the two male gametes produced by each pollen grain in angiosperms?

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• question_answer57)       List three strategies that a bisexual chasmogamous flower can evolve to prevent self-pollination (autogamy).

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• question_answer58)   Given below are the events that are observed in an artificial hybridization programme. Arrange them in the correct sequential order in which they are followed in the hybridization programme (a) Re-bagging (b) Selection of parents (c) Bagging (d) Dusting the pollen on stigma (e) Emasculation(f) Collection of pollen from male parent.

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• question_answer59)       Vivipary automatically limits the number of offsprings in a litter. How?

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• question_answer60)   Does self-incompatibility impose any restrictions on autogamy? Give reasons and suggest the method of pollination in such plants.

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• question_answer61)   In the given diagram, write the names of parts shown with lines.    

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• question_answer62)   What is polyembryony and how can it be commercially exploited?

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• question_answer63)   Are parthenocarpy and apomixis different phenomena? Discuss their benefits.

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• question_answer64)   Why does the zygote begin to divide only after the division of Primary Endosperm Cell (PEC)?

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• question_answer65)   The generative cell of a two celled pollen divides in the pollen tube, but not in a three celled pollen. Give reasons.

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• question_answer66)           In the figure given below label the following parts-male gametes, egg cell, polar nuclei, synergid and pollen tube    

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• question_answer67)   Starting with the zygote, draw the diagrams of the different stages of embryo development in a dicot.  

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• question_answer68)   What are the possible types of pollinations in chasmogamous flowers Give reasons.

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• question_answer69)   With a neat, labelled diagram, describe the parts of a mature angiosperm embryo sac. Mention the role of synergids.

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• question_answer70)   Draw the diagram of a microsporangium and label its wall layers. Write briefly about the wall layers?

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• question_answer71)   Embryo sacs of some apomictic species appear normal, but contain diploid cells. Suggest a suitable explanation for the condition.

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