Medical Science in Ancient India
Category : 11th Class
Two Ashwini Kumars has been said to be practising medicine during Vedic times. Dhanwantri has been called as 'God of medicine'. Susruta has been called as 'Father of surgery'. Few important references are,
(1) Susruta studied human anatomy on dead bodies.
(2) Susruta carried plastic surgery on human nose (rhinoplasty).
(3) Ophthalmic surgery : Susruta carried an eye surgery like extraction of cataracts.
(4) Clotting of blood : Susruta used non-poisonous live leeches for checking clotting of blood in post operative conditions. Now its clearly established that heparin is released along saliva of leeches to produces this kind of effect.
(5) Charaka Samhita (100 B.C.) : It is said to be primarily written by Agnivasa under the guidance of Atreya (600 B.C.). Charaka was first to discuss the concepts of digestion, Metabolism and immunity.
(6) Taittiriya Upanishad (7–8 B.C.) : In this significant observations have been made about the process of evolution. According to this life originated in space.
(7) Manu Samhita or Manu Smriti (200 A.D.) : In this significant Sanskrit literature, evolution has been widely discussed.
Differences between Plants and Animals
|
Characters |
Plants |
Animals |
|
Photosynthesis |
Show photosynthesis. |
Do not show photosynthesis. |
|
Chlorophyll |
Contain chlorophyll. |
Lack chlorophyll. |
|
Dependence |
Dependent upon inorganic substances like \[C{{O}_{2}}\] and \[{{H}_{2}}O\]. |
Feed on complex organic compounds. |
|
Movement |
Are fixed organisms but show bending, twisting etc. |
They are capable of moving the whole body. |
|
Branching |
Have branched body. |
Have compact body. |
|
Sensitivity |
Are comparatively less sensitive and respond slowly. |
Are more sensitive and respond quickly. |
|
Cell wall |
Cellulose cell wall usually present. |
Bear no cellulose cell walls. |
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