Monosaccharides
Category : JEE Main & Advanced
These are the simplest one unit non-hydrolysable sugars. They have the general formula \[{{C}_{n}}{{H}_{2n}}{{O}_{n}}\] where n varies from 3 to 9 carbon atoms. About 20 monosaccharides occur in nature. The simplest are trioses (n=3)
\[\underset{\text{Triose}}{\mathop{{{C}_{3}}{{H}_{6}}{{O}_{3}}}}\,\,\,\,;\underset{\text{Glyceraldehyde}}{\mathop{\,\,\begin{matrix} H-C=O\,\, \\ |\,\,\, \\ H-C-OH \\ |\,\,\,\, \\ \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{2}}OH \\ \end{matrix}}}\,\,\,\,\,;\,\,\underset{\text{Dihydroxyacetone }}{\mathop{\begin{matrix} C{{H}_{2}}OH\, \\ |\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \\ C=O\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \\ |\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \\ C{{H}_{2}}OH\, \\ \end{matrix}}}\,\]
The most important naturally occurring monosaccharides are pentoses and hexoses. A common pentose is ribose and two common hexoses are glucose and fructose.
Except ketotriose {dihydroxyacetone}, all aldose and ketoses {monosaccharides} contain asymmetric carbon atoms and are optically active.
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