Answer:
To
control water pollution:
(i) Minimising used water for processing by reusing and recycling it in
two or more suggestive stages.
(ii) Harvesting of water can be done to meet water
requirements.
(iii) Treating of hot water and effluents before releasing
them in rivers and ponds.
Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three
phases:
(i) Primary treatment by mechanical means. It involves
screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
(ii) Secondary treatment by biological process.
(iii) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and
physical processes. This involves recycling of water.
To control air pollution:
(i) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by
fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric
filters and inertial separators.
(ii) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of
coal in factories or thermal power stations.
To counter noise pollution:
(i) Machinery and equipment can be used and generators
should be fitted with silencers.
(ii) Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase
energy efficiency and reduce noise.
(ii) Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal
use of earplugs and earphones.
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