Answer:
(i) The French revolutionaries took the following steps to create a sense
of collective identity among the French people
(a) They introduced the ideas of la patrie (the
fatherland) and Ie citoyen (the citizen), emphasising the concept of a united
community enjoying equal rights under a Constitution.
(b) They choose a new French flag, the tricolour, to replace
the royal standard.
(c) The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens
and renamed the National Assembly.
(d) In the name of the nation, new hymns were composed, oaths
taken and martyrs commemorated.
(e) They established a centralised administrative system, which
formulated uniform laws for all citizens.
(f) They adopted a uniform system of weights and measures.
(g) All internal custom duties were abolished.
(h) They promoted the French language, as spoken and
written in Paris and discouraged regional dialects.
They declared that it was the mission and destiny of the
French nation to liberate people of Europe from despotism. What is meant was
that they would help other people of Europe to become nation-states like them.
(ii) From the struggle of French Revolutionaries,
I have learnt the values of patriotism, nationalism, equality, fraternity and
national integration.
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