Answer:
(i) Political
Fragmentation: Like Germany, Italy was also politically fragmented.
During the middle of the 19th century, Italy was divided into seven
states, of which only one, Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian Prince.
(ii) Role of Mazzini: Giuseppe Mazzini made efforts to
unite Italian Republic.
He had formed a secret society called 'Young Italy' for
achieving his goal.
(iii) Role of Count Cavour: He was the chief minister who
led the movement to unify Italy. He formed a tactful diplomatic alliance with
France and defeated the Austrian forces.
(iv) Role of Giuseppe Garibaldi: Garibaldi also formed
armed volunteers. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdoms of
Two Sicilians and succeeded in driving out the Spanish rulers.
In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of United
Italy.
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