Answer:
This is explained on the basis of
inert pair effect which is significant only in elements with large values of
atomic numbers. The general electronic configuration of the elements is \[n{{s}^{2}}{{p}^{2}}\].
Because of inert pair effect, in case of last three elements, the valences\[p\]-electrons
readily become available for bonding while the valence \[s\]-electrons remain
attached to the nucleus. Thus, these elements show divalency while the first
two elements in the absence of inert pair effect are tetravalent.
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