Answer:
An \[\alpha \]
particle carries two units of positive charge. As it moves towards the positively
charged nucleus, it is constantly repelled by the nucleus. The velocity and
hence kinetic energy of \[\alpha \] particle go on decreasing. In turn, the
potential energy of a particle goes on increasing. At a certain point P, the
entire KE of \[\alpha \] -particle is converted into potential energy. The
a-particle cannot move any closer to the nucleus P is the point of closest
approach. Distance (\[{{r}_{0}}\]) of P from the centre of nucleus is the distance
of closest approach of \[\alpha \]-particle to the nucleus. The value of \[{{r}_{0}}\]
gives us the order of the size of nucleus.
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