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question_answer1) What is the nature of intermolecular forces?
question_answer2) What is the origin of interatomic force?
question_answer3) What is the origin of intermolecular force?
question_answer4) Are the intermolecular forces involved in the formation of liquids and solids different in nature? If yes, how?
question_answer5) State the factors due to which three states of matter differ from each other.
question_answer6) What do you mean by long range order in a crystalline structure?
question_answer7) What is the important structural difference between crystalline and glassy solids?
question_answer8) Amorphous solids do not melt at a sharp temperature, rather these have softening range. Explain this observation.
question_answer9) In what respect, the behaviour of glassy solids is similar to that of the liquids?
question_answer10) Why do crystalline solids have well defined geometrical external shapes?
question_answer11) Amorphous solids are not true solids. Why and what are they called then?
question_answer12) Our knowledge about crystalline solids is better than amorphous solids. Why?
question_answer13) Crystalline solids are called true solids. Why?
question_answer14) What is a perfectly elastic body? Give an example.
question_answer15) What is a perfectly plastic body? Give an example.
question_answer16) No material is perfectly elastic. Why?
question_answer17) When does a body acquire a permanent set?
question_answer18) A thick wire is suspended from a rigid support, but no load is attached to its free end. Is this wire under stress?
question_answer19) State the two factors on which the modulus of elasticity depends.
question_answer20) Is it possible to double the length of a metallic wire by applying a force over it?
question_answer21) Is elastic limit a property of the material of the wire?
question_answer22) Stress and pressure are both forces per unit area. Then in what respect does stress differ from pressure?
question_answer23) Among solids, liquids and gases, which can have all the three moduli of elasticity?
question_answer24) Among solids, liquids and gases, which possess the greatest bulk modulus?
question_answer25) Which type of elasticity is involved in the following cases? (i) Compressing of gas (ii) Compressing a liquid (iii) Stretching a wire (iv) Tangential push on the upper face of a block.
question_answer26) What does the slope of stress versus strain graph give?
question_answer27) How does Young's modulus change with the rise of temperature?
question_answer28) Write copper, steel, glass and rubber in the order of increasing coefficient of elasticity.
question_answer29) Which is more elastic-water or air?
question_answer30) Why are springs made of steel and not of copper?
question_answer31) In stretching a wire, we have to perform work. Why?
question_answer32) What happens to the work done in stretching a wire?
question_answer33) Two identical springs of steel and copper are equally stretched. On which more work will have to be done?
question_answer34) If two identical springs of steel and copper are pulled by applying equal forces, then in which case more work will have to be done?
question_answer35) Why does a wire get heated when it is bent back and forth?
question_answer36) A hard wire is broken by bending it repeatedly in alternating directions. Why?
question_answer37) Why is the longer side of cross-section of girder used as depth?
question_answer38) The ratio stress/strain remains constant for a small deformation. What happens to this ratio if deformation is made very large?
question_answer39) Why are electric poles given hollow structure?
question_answer40) The Young's modulus of a wire of length L and radius \[r\] is \[\Upsilon \]. If the length is reduced to \[\mathbf{L/2}\] and radius\[\mathbf{r/4,}\] what will be its Young's modulus?
question_answer41) A wire fixed at the upper end stretches by length \[l\] by applying a force F. What is the work done in stretching the wire?
question_answer42) A wire suspended vertically from one of its ends is stretched by attaching a weight of 200 N to the lower end. The weight stretches the wire by 1 mm. Find the elastic energy stored in the wire.
question_answer43) If S is the stress and \[\Upsilon \] is Young's modulus of the material of a wire, what is the energy stored in the wire per unit volume in terms of S and \[\Upsilon \]?
question_answer44) Following are the graphs of elastic materials. Which one corresponds to that of brittle material?
question_answer45) A wire stretches by a certain amount under a load. If the load and radius both are increased to four times, find the stretch caused in the wire.
question_answer46) In the diagram a graph between the inter- molecular force F acting between the molecules of a solid and the distance r between them is shown. Explain the graph.
question_answer47) Crystalline solids have sharp melting points. Amorphous solids do not melt at a sharp temperature; rather these have a softening range of temperature. Explain.
question_answer48) Which is more elastic-rubber or steel? Explain.
question_answer49) The stress-strain graph for a metal wire is shown in Fig. Up to the point E, the wire returns to its original state O along the curve EPO when it is gradually unloaded. Point B corresponds to the fracture of the wire. (a) Up to which point on the curve is Hooke's law obeyed? This point is sometimes called "Proportionality limit". (b) Which point on the curve corresponds to elastic limit and yield point of the wire? (c) Indicate the elastic and plastic regions of the stress-strain graph. (d) Describe what happens when the wire is loaded up to a stress corresponding to the point A on the graph, and then unloaded gradually. In particular, explain the dotted curve. (e) What is peculiar about the portion of the stress-strain graph from C to B? Up to what stress can the wire be subjected without causing fracture?
question_answer50) Two different types of rubber are found to have the stress-strain curves as shown in Fig. (a) In which significant ways do these curves differ from the stress-strain curve of a metal wire shown in Fig.? (b) A heavy machine is to be installed in a factory. To absorb vibrations of the machine, a block of rubber is placed between the machinery and the floor. Which of the two rubbers A and B would you prefer to use for this purpose? Why? (c) Which of the two rubber materials would you choose for a car tyre?
question_answer51) Read each of the statements below care- fully and state, with reasons, if it is true or false. (a) When a material is under tensile stress, the restoring forces are caused by interatomic attraction while under compressional stress, the restoring forces are due to inter-atomic repulsion. (b) A piece of rubber under an ordinary stress can display 1000% strain: yet when unloaded returns to its original length. This shows that the elastic restoring forces in a rubber piece are strictly conservative. (c) Elastic restoring forces are strictly conservative only when Hooke's law is obeyed.
question_answer52) Two wires of different materials are suspended from a rigid support. They have the same length and diameter and carry the same load at their free ends. (a) Will the stress and strain in each wire be the same? (b) Will the extension in both wires be the same?
question_answer53) A cable is replaced by another of the same length and material but of twice the diameter. (a) How does this affect its elongation under a given load? (b) How many times will be the maximum load it can now support without exceeding the elastic limit?
question_answer54) Two wires of same length and material but of different radii are suspended from a rigid support. Both carry the same load. Will the stress, strain and extension in them be same or different?
question_answer55) A uniform plank of Young's modulus \[\Upsilon \] is moved over a smooth horizontal surface by a constant horizontal force F. The area of transverse section of the plank is A. Find the compressive strain on the plank in the direction of the force.
question_answer56) What are the factors which affect the elasticity of a material?
question_answer57) Elasticity has a different meaning in physics than that in daily life. Comment.
question_answer58) Why a spring balance does not give correct measurement, when it has been used for a long time?
question_answer59) Why the bridges are declared unsafe after a long use?
question_answer60) Two identical solid balls, one of ivory and the other of wet-clay, are dropped from the same height on the floor. Which will rise to a greater height after striking the floor and why?
question_answer61) The breaking force for a wire is F. What will be the breaking force for (a) two parallel wires of the same size (b) for a single wire of double the thickness?
question_answer62) Graphite consists of planes of carbon atoms. Between atoms in the planes there are only weak forces. What kind of elastic properties do you expect from graphite?
question_answer63) Why does modulus of elasticity of most of the materials decrease with the increase of temperature?
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