Answer:
The \[-N{{O}_{2}}\] group is an
electron withdrawing group. When present at the para position in the ring, it
decreases the electron density on the oxygen atom of O?H group due to conjugation
and the release of \[{{H}^{+}}\] ion becomes easier than in phenol. On the
other hand, \[-C{{H}_{3}}\] group is an electron releasing group. It increases
the electron density on the oxygen atom and the release of\[{{H}^{+}}\] ion
becomes difficult compared to phenol. Therefore, p-nitrophenol is a stronger
acid than phenol while p-cresol is a weaker acid. For further details, consult
section 12.16 (Chemical properties of phenols).
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