A) Benthem and Hooker
B) Carolus Linnaeus
C) Charles Darwin
D) Engler and Pranti
Correct Answer: A
Solution :
There are three different types of systems of classification, the artificial, the natural and the phylogenetic classification: [a] Artificial system: In artifical system of classification only a few characters of the plants are being considered, for example, the grouping of plants into herbs, shrubs and trees or the sexual system of Linnaeus based on number of stamens and styles. This system can be compared to the alphabetical arrangement of words in a dictionary, where two words arranged one after the other have nothing to do with each other. The artificial systems are not commonly in current use. The best known artificial systems of Linnaeus published in 1735. [b] Natural system: In the natural system all the important characters of plant are being considered and the plants are classified according to their related affinities. This system reflects the situation as it is thought to exist under natural conditions, i.e., Bentham and Hookers system (1862-83). [c] Phylogenetic system: In phylogenetic system, the plants are classified according to their evolutionary and genetic affinities. Classification proposed by Engler in 1886, by Hutchinson in 1926 and by Tippo in 1942 are phylogenetic.
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