Current Affairs 1st Class

     Air around Us                   Air is a natural resource, which we use for breathing.

• It is a mixture of different gases.
• It is found everywhere.
• It cannot be seen with naked eyes.
• It is necessary for life.
• All the living things breathe in air.
• Animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
• Without air, there will be no life on the earth.

    Where does air exist? (a) Only in our room                                       (b) Only in an empty glass (c) Everywhere                                                 (d) Only in an empty cup   Answer: (c) Explanation Option (C) is correct. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect.       What is the colour of air? (a) Red                                                                 (b) Yellow (c) Blue                                                                 (d) Colourless   Answer: (d) Explanation Option (D) is correct because air does not have color. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect.     Wind                The moving air is called wind.

• Fast moving wind is called storm.
• Storm may cause some destruction like uprooting of trees, electric poles, and other things.
• Big storms even may destruct the lives of human and animals.
• The slow moving wind is called breeze.
• It is very-very pleasant.
• When wind blows, leaves of plants and trees, our clothes etc shake.

      What is wind? (a) Space of the air                                          (b) Volume of the air (c) Weight of the air                                        (d) Movement of the air   Answer: (d) Explanations Option (D) is correct. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect.       A light wind does not shake__________. (a) Leaves                                                           (b) Clothes (c) Piece of paper                                            (d) Building   Answer: (d) Explanation  Option (D) is correct because, light wind does not shake building. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect.     Air as a mixture of Gas                Air is a mixture of the following gases:

Nitrogen                               

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide                        

Hydrogen

Argon                                   

Neon

Helium

The air present in atmosphere consists of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and remaining 1 percent is of other gases.       Which one of the following is a true statement? (a) Air is the mixture of solid things (b) Air is the mixture of liquid things (c) Air is the mixture of gases (d) Air is the mixture of food items   Answer: (C) Explanation Option (C) is correct because, this is a true statement. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect.     Which of the following is not a part more...

Living Things Living things have life. They have the following features;

• They can move.
• They can think.
• They can eat.
• They can grow.
• They can act on their own.

    Look at the following pictures:                                                         Animal                                                                             Plants                                                                              Tree                                                                   Man and Women       Which one of the following is an example of living things? (A) Boy                                                                 (B) Table (C) Chair                                                               (D) House Answer: (a) Explanation Option (A) is correct because a boy can move, think, eat grow and act on his own. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect.     Which one of the following is correct? (A) Computer is a living thing                      (B) Television is a living thing (C) Birds are living things                               (D) Basket is a living thing Answer: (c) Explanation FEEDBACK: Option (C) is correct because birds can move, eat, grow, fly and act on their own. Rest of the options is incorrect.         Non-Living Things Non-living things do not have life. The features of non-living things are:

• They cannot move from one place to another.
• They cannot talk.
• They cannot eat.
• They cannot grow.
• They cannot reproduce.

        Look as the following pictures of non-living things:                                                            Bed                                               House                                            Television           Identify the non-living things from the following                                                                     (A) Elephant                                                       (B) Woman (C) Cat                                                                  (D) Pen Answer: (d) Explanation Option (D) is correct because, picture given shows the parts of a pen. Therefore, it is correct more...

   Types of plants             All types of big and small trees, including grass are called plants.        Big Plants            All the trees are the examples of big plants.

• They have long branches-
• They are very big in size.
• They are very tall.

      Look at the following pictures of trees:                                                     Banyan                                                           Peepal         Herbs           They are small plants.

• They are used for flavour, scent, and as medicines.
• Herbs are used in different food as flavour.

For example. Licorice or muleti is a herb, used as medicine for ear, throat and nose problems. In fact muleti is the Hindi name for licorice.        Shrubs or Bushes

• They are woody plants .which are smaller than trees.
• They have short stems, lower in height with branches near the ground.
• Shrubs can be flowering and ornamental.

    Rose plant, Tea plant, etc. Look at the following pictures:                                                         Rose plant                                                                      Bushes type plant      Creepers

• Creeper is a type of plant, which cannot stand by itself, it trails or climbs.
• They literally' creep' along the soil surface and spread over a long distance.
• They also grow on the tree branches and on other small trees in the nearby area.

    Cucumber plant is one of the creepers. Similarly, the plant of water melon is also a creeper.             Look at the following pictures:                                              Watermelon plant                                                       Cucumber plant    Climbers

• They are the plants with soft stems.
• They grow only with the support of another plant, on walls /arches or trellis.

  Beans plants are climbers.         Look at more...

   Types of Animals       Wild Animals

• The animals, which live in forest are known as wild animals.
• They feed on grass and other animals.
• They live in natural environment.

    lion, bear, tiger, hyena, wolf, etc.   Note: Wild animals are kept protected in zoo for us to see.       Look at the following pictures:                Domestic Animals

• The animals, which live in human habitats are called domestic animals.
• They live with human and are dependent on them for their food.
• Domestic animals are used by men for various purpose.

  Cow, dog, goat, horse etc.       Look at the following pictures:                                  Water Animals

• The animals, which live in water are called water animals.
• They may be big or small.
• These animals are found under deep rivers and in seas.
• They breathe through gills.

     Shark, whale, dolphin, crocodile, octopus, hippopotamus, etc,     Look at the following pictures:                                           Farm Animals

• The animals, which are used for agricultural purposes, called farm animals,
• We use their flesh, wool, and skin, for various purpose.
• These animals are used for transportation also.
• They are also domestic animal.

      Sheep, ox, horse, etc.      Look at the following pictures:                                               Milch Animals more...

       Healthy and Nutritious Food A healthy, nutritious and balance food is one that helps to maintain and improve our health. We need to take healthy and nutritious food to keep our body safe from diseases and for having a good life. The components of healthy and nutritious food are: 1. Carbohydrates                         2. Fats                          3. Proteins                  4. Minerals 5. Vitamins                                               6. Water                       7. Roughage   These components are also the necessary elements for the growth of our body. They are found in little or in more quantity in all eatables, like rice, wheat, pulses, maize, vegetables, honey, milk, meat, fish, etc. This is the reason these foods are considered as healthy and nutritious.   Let us see the pictures of healthy and nutritious foods:              Which one of the following statements is a false statement? (a) Protein is one of the components of healthy food (b) Fat is one of the components of healthy food (c) Water is not necessary for our body (d) Vitamins is necessary for our body   Answer: (c) Explanation  Option (C) is correct because, water is necessary for our body, Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect.       Healthy food is important for the growth of our_____. (a) Only hand                                                     (b) Body (c) Only fingers                                                 (d) only ears   Answer: (b) Explanation Option (B) is correct because healthy food contains all the nutrients required for the growth of our body. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect.       Food Containing Roughage

• Roughage is the coarse or rough material of food.
• It provides fiber to diet and helps indigestion.
• Foods, which contain roughage are grains, cereals like wheat, barley and bran.
• The eatable skins of most fruits and vegetables are roughage.
• It also helps in retaining water in the body.

       Let us see pictures of some foods containing roughage:            Note: Mile, Eggs, Cheese, Butter, Ghee, Meats and Fishes contain zero roughage.            Which one of the following is the source of roughage? (a) Ghee                                                              (b) Cheese (c) Meat                                                               (d) Apple   Answer: (d) Explanation  Option (D) is correct because, apple contains roughage. The skin of apple is eatable and fruits with eatable skin contain roughage. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect       Roughage is also called_____. (a) Fiber                                                               (b) Steel (c) Soil                                                                   (d) Plastic   Answer: (a) Explanation Option (A) is correct because roughage is also called fiber. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect. more...

         Types of Clothes         Cotton Clothes        The cloths, which are made from cottons, are called cotton clothes.

• These clothes are very comfortable, as they are very light and soft.
• They are natural fibers.
• They arc most comfortable in summer season.
• They are most suitable for the soft skin of babies.
• Cotton shirts, trousers, inners, cap, socks, frocks, saree are popular and widely used.

      Let us see the pictures of cotton clothes:                                 Woolen Clothes       Woolen clothes are made of wool, which is a textile fiber.

• Wool is obtained from sheep and other animals.
• These clothes are used in winter, as they are warm.
• Coat, sweater, woolen jackets, wool caps, etc are popular and commonly used in winter

                 Let use see the pictures of woolen clothes:                                                        Water Proof Clothes      The clothes, which save us from getting wet during rains, are called water proof clothes.

• It is made up of polymers and plastics.
• The waterproof jackets, trousers, caps etc are used during rainy season.
• It is commonly used in the regions with heavy rainfall throughout the year.

   

• Sheep’s are the best sources of wool.
• Silk moth is reared on the mulberry tree to produce silk fiber.

 

• There are mainly three types of clothes- cotton, woolen and waterproof.
• Cotton clothes are widely used in summer.
• Cotton clothes are light and soft in comparison to other types of clothes.
• Woolen clothes are warm.
• Water cannot get through the waterproof clothes.

      Water as a Natural Resource      The things, which we get from the nature, are called natural resources.

• The natural resources are not manmade.
• Water is a natural resource.
• Water on the Earth is available in oceans, rivers, lakes, ponds, streams, waterfalls, etc.
• All living things get water from these resources.
• Life is not possible without water.

      Water is a/an ________ resource. (a) Artificial                                        (b) Big (c) Small                                             (d) Natural   Answer: (d) Explanation  Option (D) is correct because, water is a natural resource. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect.      Which one of the following is a true statement? (a) Lion can live without water                      (b) Human can live without water (c) Human cannot live without water         (d) Birds can live without water         Uses of Water     It is used for the following purposes:

Drinking

Cooking food

Washing and cleaning

Bathing

Plants growth           

Construction of buildings

Production of electricity

        Which one of the following does not use water for drinking? (a)                                           (b) (c)                                           (d)   Answer: (b) Explanation Option (B) is correct because this is a table and table is a non-living thing. It does not need water. All other given options are living things, which use water for drinking. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect.     __________ is used for washing clothes. (a) Water                                             (b) Plastic (c) Plants                                             (d) Fruits   Answer: (A) Explanation  Option (A) is correct because water is used for washing. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect.   Answer: (c) Explanation Option (C) is correct because, this statement is true. In fact, all living things need water to survive and human is a living being. Therefore, rest of the options is incorrect.     Sources of Water          Followings are the sources of water:                                      Rain                                 Oceans                              Seas                                Rivers                             Lakes                        Wells                 Waterfalls         Which one of the following pictures is a source more...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES This lesson will help you to:—

• Learn about different types of material.
• Study the characteristics of different materials.
• Know about the different objects made from    these materials.
• Learn about recyclable and non-recyclable materials.
• Study about transparent and opaque materials.

  QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW: We see different objects around us. For example: Table, Chairs, Bottles, Wall-clock, and Bags etc. All these objects are made up of different types of materials. Let us study these materials and their uses. 1. Plastic: Plastic is a material that is used to make water bottles, lunch box, toys. Pencil box, buckets, spoons, plates, bowls etc. Plastic does not breaks easily. 2. Wood: We get wood from trees. Wood is very hard. Wood is used to make tables, chairs, furniture, doors, windows etc. 3. Metal: Metal is a very hard material which never breaks Metal is used to make different materials like knife, spoon, bicycle, pan, cycle, television etc. 4. Rubber: Rubber is obtained from Rubber tree, Rubber is used to make Tyres, Eraser, Balloon etc.   5. Glass: Glass is a solid material which is used make sunglasses, mirror, wall-clock, windows etc. Glass can break easily. Glass can easily pass light through them. Those objects which can pass light through them are called transparent objects. For example, Glass The object which cannot pass light through them are called opaque objects. For example, wood, metal, plastic etc.   RECYCLABLE AND NON RECYCLAVLE MATERIAL Some of the materials can be used again and again by the process of recycling the waste material into new products. 1. Recyclable materials are the materials that can be recycled to become new product. For example, paper, glass, metal, plastic etc. 2. Non-recyclable materials are the materials that can only be used once. They cannot be reused again and again. For example: Coal, petrol Did you know? Renewable resources can become non-renewable when they are mismanaged and polluted by humans beyond control. For example there are many endangered and dying animal and plant species. Quite a few of them have also become extinct.  

LEARNING OBJECTIVES This lesson will help you to:—

• know about different types of occasions.
• learn about the different types of festivals celebrated in India.
• understand the importance of national festivals of India.

  We all use to celebrate Diwali and Holi together with our brothers, sisters, cousins and friends. Celebrating festivals with our family and friends is a great fun. Let us study about different festivals in detail. 1. Diwali: Diwali is the festival of light. People decorate their houses with candles and do Lakshmi puja at night. Children burn crackers in the night. 2. Holi: Holi is the festival of colures. People put 'gulal' and throw coloured water on one another. 3. Eid: Eid is celebrated by Muslims. They do prayer called 'namaaz'. They prepare "meethi sewaian for their guests and friends,                           4. Raksha Bandhan: Raksha Bandhan is a festival in which sisters tie 'rakhi' on the arms of their brothers and wish for the health and well-being. 5. Guruparva: (Suruparva is celebrated by the Sikh. They go to '6urudwaras' to pray. 6. Christmas: Christmas is celebrated on 25th December of every year. In this festival, Christmas tree is decorated with lights. Children wait for Santa Claus to bring gifts for them. 7. Dussehra: Dussehra is celebrated on the tenth day of Navratra. Ravana, Kumbhkaran and Meghanad get burnt every year on this day. We celebrate the birthdays of our family members and attend the wedding of our loved ones. These are all family occasions.   NATIONAL FESTIVALS: There are so many festivals celebrated in India there are there national festivals which we use to celebrate in India. 1. Independence Day: It is celebrated on 15 August every year. The Prime Minister hoists The National Flag at the Red Fort in Delhi. 2. Republic Day: It is celebrated on 26 January every year. The armed forces, folk dancers, and school children in colorful dresses take part in a parade at Raj path in New Delhi. 3. Gandhi Jayanti: It is celebrated every year on 2nd October. People pay tribute by offering flowers on his samadhi in Rajghat (New Delhi). Apart from these days, Children's Day is celebrated on 14th November every year on the birthday of Jawaharlal Nehru. Teachers Day is celebrated on 5th September every year on the birthday of Dr. Radha Krishnan.   Historical preview: India got independence on the 15th august 1947 .before that india was under the rule of England.   Did you know? Kite flying is a very popular game in India. Many people fly kites on 15 august every year to celebrate Independence Day. more...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES This lesson will help you to:--

• Study about different occupations.
• Learn about the work done by different types of people
• Know about the famous personalities of the world.

  QUICK CONCEPT REVIEW We all live in a society. In order to live each person of the society has to do some work. This work gives us money for buying food and clothes. Such work becomes the job. Occupation is the job that a person does. People have different occupations. Let us study these occupations in detail.          1. Engineer: An engineer designs and repairs machines, metro rail, roads, etc.   2. Doctor: A doctor treats the patients.   3. Nurse: A nurse Taxes care of the sick people.  4. Chemist: Chemist sells medicines and injections 5. Blacksmith: A blacksmith repairs things made up of iron. 6. Farmer: A farmer grows crops, fruits and vegetables for us.                          7. Postman: A postman brings letters and parcels. 8. Tailor: A tailor stitches our clothes. 9. Fireman: A fireman puts water on the fire. 10. Carpenter: A carpenter makes and repairs wooden things. 11. Grocer: A grocer sells food and other things that are used at home. 12. Mechanic: A mechanic repairs our vehicles. 13. Plumber: A plumber fits and repairs pipes. 14. Potter: A potter makes clay pots for us. 15. Astronaut: Astronaut goes to space            16. Cobbler: Cobbler repairs our shoes   There are some people such as policeman, pilot, army men who wear special clothes called uniform.              1. Mother Teresa: Mother Teresa was a Social Worker. She helped old, poor and sick people.        2. Mahatma Gandhi: Mahatma 6andhi is the father of the nation.     3. Albert Einstein: Albert Einstein worked in the field of science and technology.           4. Jawaharlal Nehru: He was the first Prime minister of India.   5. Narendra Modi: He is the current prime minister of India.          6. Rabindra Nath Tagore: He worked in the field of literature more...