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Category : 3rd Class

Multiplication

Multiplication:

• Multiplication is a repeated addition.
• The number to be multiplied is called the MULTIPLICAND.
• The number by which we multiply is called the MULTIPLIER.
• The answer is called the PRODUCT.

Note: 

• The product of a number and zero is zero.
• The product of a number and is the number itself.
• When the order of the numbers is changed, the product remains the same.

Multiplication of 3 - digit numbers by 1-digit number:

Ex: Multiply 498 by 3.

• Step - 1: Multiply 8 ones by 3.

8 ones x 3 = 24 ones = 2 tens + 4 ones

write 4 in the ones place.

Carry 2 tens to the tens place.

Step - 2: Multiply 9 tens by 3.

9 tens \[\times \] 3 = 27 tens

= 20 tens + 7 tens

= 2 hundreds + 7 tens

Carry 2 hundreds to the hundreds place.

Add the carried 2 tens to 7 tens.

So 7 tens + 2 tens = 9 tens,

write 9 in the tens place

Step - 3: Multiply 4 hundreds by 3.

hundreds x 3 = 12 hundreds.

Add the carried 2 hundreds to 12 hundreds.

So, 12 hundreds + 2 hundreds = 14 hundreds,

write 14 in hundreds place

Multiplication by TENS and HUNDREDS:

5 \[\times \] 10 = 5 \[\times \]1 ten = 5 tens = 50

7\[\times \] 30 = 7 \[\times \] 3 tens = 21 tens = 210

15 x 60 = 15 \[\times \] 6 tens = 90 tens = 900

8\[\times \]100=8\[\times \] 1 hundred = 8 hundreds = 800

9 \[\times \] 400 = 9 \[\times \] 4 hundreds = 36 hundreds = 3600

Multiplication by 2-digit numbers:

Ex: Multiply 36 by 25