Current Affairs 5th Class

Human body (Food and health)

Category : 5th Class

Human body (Food and health)

Synopsis

The food that we eat contains five main components: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and

Table showing food components, sources and their functions

Food components	Sources	function
Carbohydrates	Rice, wheat, sugar, potato	Energy giving foods
Fats	Oil, butter, ghee, milk, cheese	Energy giving foods
Proteins	Eggs, meat, fish, milk, pulses	Body building foods
Vitamins	Fruits and vegetables	Protective foods
Minerals	Fruits, vegetables, milk, eggs	Protective foods
Roughage	Cereals, fresh vegetables, fruits and salads	Prevent constipation

A diet that contains adequate amount of different components of food required for the healthy functioning of our body is called a balanced diet.

A disease is a state in which a function or a part of the body is no longer in a healthy condition.

Non-communicable disease are those that do not spread from one person to another.

Deficiency diseases - deficiency of a particular food, vitamin or mineral causes deficiency diseases.

Name of the deficiency disease	Caused by the deficiency of	Food containing the vitamin/ mineral
Night blindness	Vitamin A	Green leafy vegetables, papaya, carrot,
		mango, milk, butter, and egg yolk
Beriberi	Vitamin B1	Milk, peas, cereals, and green vegetables
Rickets	Vitamin D	Milk and milk products
Scurvy	Vitamin C	Amla, orange, lemon, and tomato
Goiter	Iodine	Iodized salt
Anemia	Iron	Spinach, apple, guava, brinjal, and meat

Communicable disease are those that can spread from one person to another. They are spread by germs.

Tit bits

Tit bits

Vitamins are essential to your health but are only needed in tiny quantities. For example you need about 0.001 g (0.0003 oz) of vitamin B1, thiamine, each day. It only amounts to 28 g (1 oz) in your whole lifetime but without it your heart and nervous system will not function properly. About 12 vitamins are essential to health.

A lifetime's supply of all the vitamins you need only weighs about 250 g (8 oz)

Table showing the types of germs, diseases caused and the mode of transmission.

Types of germs	Diseases caused	Mode of transmission
Bacteria	Cholera and typhoid Tuberculosis	Water Air
Viruses	Common cold, flu, viral fever, measles and mumps	Air
Protozoa	Dysentery Malaria	Water Insect bites
Fungus	Ringworm	Direct contact

We can protect ourselves from diseases like polio, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus and tuberculosis by getting vaccinated. We should keep our bodies healthy as a healthy body can fight off many diseases.

We should keep our surroundings clean. We should not let stagnant water breed mosquitoes as they spread malaria. Garbage should be removed promptly. People should be educated about health care,

People suffering from diarrhea should be given a solution of water, sugar and salt.