Future Tense
In Future Tense, a verb indicates that an action will take place in future.
Look at the following sentences:
Future Indefinite Tense
The Future Indefinite Tense is used to express a supposed action, determination and to put questions. This tense shows an action to be done in a general way in the future.
Look at the following sentences
Use of Future Indefinite Tense
1. Future Indefinite Tense is used to show a future event.
Children will play in the room.
2. Future Indefinite Tense is used when we think to do something at the Time of speaking.
It is hot. I will drink cold water.
Future Continuous Tense
The Future Continuous Tense is used to indicate the continuity of a supposed action. This Tense shows an action going on at some time in the future.
Look at the following sentences:
Use of Future Continuous
1. Future Continuous Tense is used to show an action in progress at some time in future.
We think, she will be playing when we start.
2. Future Continuous Tense is used to show some future plan.
Alberto will be visiting the Taj Mahal for a week.
Future Perfect Tense more... 
Past Tense
When a verb indicates an action in the past, it is known as the Past Tense.
Look at the following sentences:
Simple Past / Past Indefinite Tense
Formation: Subject + 
+ Object.
Look at the following sentences:
He sang a beautiful song.
The speaker delivered the speech.
Use of Simple Past Tense
1. We use the simple past tense to talk about an action or a situation – an event - in the past.
He went to Singapore with his parents last week.
2. Past Indefinite Tense is used to show an action completed in the past.
Maria left the town.
3. Past Tense is used to show a habitual action in the past.
I used to play chess here.
Types of Simple Past Tense
1. Affirmative
You wrote a poem.
2. Negative
You did not write a poem.
3. Interrogative
Did you write a poem?
4. Interrogative with "WH" family
What did you write?
Note: Use first form of verb with did.
Past Continuous Tense
The Past Continuous Tense is used to express the continuity of some past actions and to put questions. This Tense shows an action going on in the Past and not completed.
Look at the following sentences:
Use of Past Continuous Tense
1. Past Continuous Tense is used to show an action started and continuing in the past time.
She was watching the television.
2. Past Continuous more... 
Present Tense
Present tense locates a situation or event in present time. It expresses action in the present, a current state of being, an occurrence in the future, or an action that started in the past and continues.
Look at the following sentences:
Steve learns a lesson.
He is going to Mumbai.
I have met him twice.
He has been watching TV for half an hour.
The sentence given above show action in present time
Simple Present /Present Indefinite
Formation: Subject + \[{{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}\] or s/es form of verb + Object.
See the following explanation
The simple present tense takes one of the two forms depending on the subject.
Subjects followed by verb in Subjects with verb in s/es form base form:
1. They request us to come to their home 1. He lives in New York.
2. You always believe in preaching rather than implementing. 2. She loves playing badminton.
3. We work sincerely. 3. Teacher teaches us.
He wakes up at 6AM daily in the morning.
Steve plays cricket in the morning.
He goes to Singapore every year.
2. Simple Present Tense is used to show general or permanent truth.
The sun rises in the east.
The earth revolves round the sun.
Types of Simple Present Tense
1. Affirmative
You read a book.
He reads a book.
2. Negative
You do not read a book.
He does not read a book.
3. Interrogative
Do you read a book?
Does he read a book?
4. Interrogative with "WH" family
Whatdoyou read?
What does he read?
Present Continuous Tense
Formation: Subject + is/are/am + \[{{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}\] + ing + Object.
Look at the following sentences:
Introduction
Tense is the time of a verb's action or state of being, such as past, present or future.
There are three kinds of tense. They are as follows:
A. Present Tense
B. Past Tense
C. Future Tense
These three tenses are further divided into four parts. They are the following:
(i) Simple or Indefinite
(ii) Continuous or Progressive
(iii) Perfect
(iv) Perfect continuous
Let's discuss the tense one by one. 
Practice Exercise
Change the following Direct speech into Indirect speech.
He says, "It is four o'clock."
Solution: He says that it is four o'clock.
Serena says to me, "There is a temple in the village."
Solution: Serena tells me that there is a temple in the village.
People said, "The village is very far".
Solution: People said that the village was very far.
Rocky said, "The dog barked at the man"
Solution: Rocky said that the dog had barked at the man.
Change the following Direct speech into Indirect speech.
The boy said, "The horse was running on the road."
(A) The boy said that the horse had been running on the road
(B) The boy said that the horse had been run on the road
(C) The boy said that the horse had been ran on the road
(D) The boy said that the horse had been runs on the road
(E) Sohan said that the horse had being running on the road
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The boy said that the horse had been running on the road.
The teacher said, "The students had passed in the examination."
(A) The teacher said that the students had pass in the examination
(B) The teacher said that the students had passed in the examination
(C) The teacher said that the students had passing in the examination
(D) The teacher said that the students had passes in the examination
(E) The teacher said that the students have passed in the examination
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The teacher said that the students had passed in the examination. 
Indirect Speech
Definition: When the substance or meaning of a person's speech is presented, it is called Indirect speech.
General Rules for Changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech.
There are three general rules for changing Direct Speech to Indirect speech.
1. Change of Tense
2. Change of Person
3. Change of other parts of speech.
Change of Tense
(i) When the reporting verb is in present or future tense, the tense of the verb in the reported speech does not change.
Direct : Juliet says, "It is four o'clock."
Indirect : Juliet says that it is four o'clock.
Direct : He will say, "I can solve this problem."
Indirect : He will say that he can solve that problem.
(iii) When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense of the Verb in the reported speech is changed into the corresponding past tense as per the following table
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Simple Present | Simple Past |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Simple Past | Past Perfect |
| Past Continuous | Past perfect Continuous |
| Past Perfect | No Change-remains same |
| Past Perfect Continuous | more...
Direct Speech
Definition: When the actual or exact words of a speaker is presented, it is called Direct Speech.
Remember it
Anita said
2. Reported Speech: The actual words of the speaker put within Inverted Commas is called Reported Speech.
Introduction
The art of reporting words of a speaker is called Narration. There two main ways of reporting the words of a speaker:
(i) Direct speech
(ii) Indirect speech 
Introduction
Letter writing is another form of composition and is meant for communication between the writer and the reader. In a letter we generally express our emotional, social and obligatory feeling to the other person, who is away from us. These days/however, letter writing has not been in much practice due to other quicker means of communication like telephone, e-mail, telegrams etc. But in spite of all such communications writing letters has its own charm and reflects a more personalized touch of the writer for the reader. 
Types of Letters
Friendly of Personal Letters
Such letters are written to close friends, to relatives and other close persons of esteemed regards and respect.
