Introduction
Definition: A word used to denote the name of anything like a person, place, thing or quality is called a noun. A noun is also called the naming word.
For Example: City, restaurant, love, compassion, etc. 
Types of Sentences as Per Structure
Simple Sentences
A simple sentence is also called an independent clause. It contains a subject and a verb, and expresses a complete thought.
Compound Sentences
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are: and, for, so, or, nor, but, etc.
Complex Sentences
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent dauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.
Identify the kind of sentence in the following questions:
There are three kinds of sentences.
(A) Simple
(B) Compound
(C) Complex
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: (a)
Steve and Smith went to the movie after finishing their work.
(A) Simple
(B) Compound
(C) Complex
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: (c)
Kinds of Sentences
Sentences can be divided into five kinds. They are the following:
1. Statement (or Assertive Sentence)
2. Question (or interrogative Sentence)
3. Command (or imperative Sentence)
4. Exclamation (or Exclamatory Sentence)
5. Optative (or Optative Sentence)
Assertive or Statement
An assertive sentence is a sentence that states a fact. Such sentences are simple statements. They state, assert, or declare something.
Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence is a type of sentence which usually asks a question and uses a question mark (?). They may ask for information or for confirmation or denial of a statement. They begin with a question word such as what, who, or how, or a helping verb such as do/does, can or would.
Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence is the sentence, which expresses commands, advice, and suggestions. The second person 'you' is always addressed in the imperative sentences. It is generally hidden.
Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses strong or sudden feelings. It always ends with an exclamatory mark.
Introduction
A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense.
Directions for Qs. 1 -18: Select the pair among the given choices which is related in the same way as the words given in CAPITAL letters.
Artist: Paint : :
(A) Doctor: Patient
(B) Mechanic : Car
(C) Chemical: Discovery
(D) Sculptor: Clay
(E) None of these
Answer: (D)
Rancour: Affection :
(A) Greed : Generosity
(B) Affinity: Attraction
(C) Reprisal : Resourcefulness
(D) Grasp : Hold
(E) None of these
Answer: (a)
Bread : Wheat : :
(A) Oil: Corn
(B) Vine : Grape
(C) Butter:Cow
(D) Fruit: Tree
(E) None of these
Answer: (a)
Vindicable : Reprehensible ::
(A) Bitter: Sad
(B) Mild : Serious
(C) Solid : Porous
(D) Vivid : Dull
(E) None of these
Answer: (b)
Parish : Favourite : :
(A) Nephew: Son
(B) Outcast: Chosen
(C) Hypnotism : Victim
(D) Chosen : Accepted
(E) None of these
Answer: (b)
Fatuous : Inane : :
(A) Clever: Wise
(B) Fatal: Mordant
(C) Cloying : Viscous
(D) Portentous : Significant
(E) None of these
Answer: (d)
Conviction: Intellect : :
(A) Response : Emotion
(B) Speech : Propaganda
(C) Belief : Religion
(D) Facts : Statistics
(E) None of these
Answer: (a)
Back: Backbone : : Belly :
(A) Heart
(B) Throat
(C) Naval
(D) Ribs
(E) None of these
Answer: (d)
Foot: Toes : : Hand :
(A) Fingers
(B) Palm
(C) Thumb
(D) Nails
(E) None of these
Answer: (a)
Kindness : Mercy : : Cruelty :
(A) Savageness
(B) Wildness
(C) Death
(D) Destruction
(E) None of these
Answer: (a)
Drama : Direction :: Magazine :
(A) Printer
(B) Publisher
(C) Editor
(D) Reader
(E) None of these
Answer: (c)
Argument: Debate :: Flight:
(A) Contest
(B) Quarrel
(C) Controversy
(D) Hit
(E) None of these
Answer: (d)
more... 
Introduction
'Analogy' means conformity of words to the genius, structure, or general rules of a language; similarity of origin, inflection, or principle of pronunciation, and the like, as opposed to anomaly.
Analogy is based on various things. Look at the following common analogies:
Quantity and Unit
| 1. Mass : kilogram | 11. Current : Ampere |
| 2. Force : Newton | 12. Luminosity : Candela |
| 3. Energy : Joule | 13. Pressure : Pascal |
| 4. Resistance : Ohm | 14. Area : Hectare |
| 5. Volume : Litre | 15. Temperature : Degrees |
| 6. Angle : Radians | 16. Conductivity : Siemens |
| 7. Power : Watt | 17. Magnetic field : Tesla |
| 8. Potential: Volt | 18. Length : Metre |
| 9. Work : Jule | |
| 10. Time : Second |
| Name | SI base unit | |||||||||||||||||
| Length | metre | |||||||||||||||||
| Time | second | |||||||||||||||||
| Mass | kilogram | |||||||||||||||||
| Electric current | ampere | |||||||||||||||||
more...
 Introduction
Comprehension means understanding or the act or fact of grasping the meaning, nature, or importance of something.
 Points to keep in mind while dealing with comprehension:
 What do you mean by optical phenomenon?
(A) An optical phenomenon is any observable event which results from the interaction of light and darkness.
(B) An optical phenomenon is a particular observable event which results from the reflection of light and matter.
(C) An optical phenomenon is any observable event which results from the interaction of light and matter.
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: (c)
What is responsible for the formation of mirage?
(A) Reflection of light
(B) Collision of light rays
(C) Noninvolvement of light
(D) Partial involvement of light
(E) None of these
Answer: (d)
What kind of image causes illusion?
(A) Inferior image
(B) Superior image
(C) Moderate image
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: (a)
What is imaginary optical phenomenon?
(A) Fata Morgana
(B) Image formation
(C) Mirage
(D) Hallucination
(E) None of these
Answer: (d)
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question 1 to 4:
Two conceptions of science embody two different valuations of scientific life and of the purpose of scientific enquiry. According to the first conception, science is above all else an imaginative and exploratory activity and the more...  Introduction
In our daily life we come across many problems which are based on time and work. The term time and work are interrelated with each other. Time and work are directly proportional to each other. The amount of work done increases with the time and the amount of work left decreases with the number of labourers or workers and time. If the number of workers increases then the time taken to complete the work will decrease. Thus the number of workers and time are inversely proportional to each other. We normally solve the problems related to the time and work using unitary method.
 Important Formulae for Work Related Problems
If A can do a piece of work in 'n' number of days, then
Work done by A in 1 day \[=\frac{1}{n}\].
Or conversely, if A can do the work in one day is \[\frac{1}{n}\].
Then A can complete the work in \[\frac{\frac{1}{1}}{n}=n\] days.
Problems Related to Pipes and Cisterns
Inlet and Outlet
A pipe connected with a tank or a cistern or a reservoir that fills it is known as an inlet.
A pipe connected with a tank or a cistern or a reservoir to empty it is known as an outlet.
Formulae
If a pipe can fill a tank in \[\times \] hours, then:
 Introduction
The word percent means per hundred. It can be defined as the fraction whose denominator is 100, then the numerator of the fraction is called percent. It is denoted by the symbol '%'. If we have to find the percentage of any number we usually find the quantity per hundred of the number. It may be of two type growth or depreciation. If the value increases then it is called growth on the other hand if it decreases then it is called depreciation.
Percent can also be expressed as the ratio with its second term being 100 and the first term is equal to the given percent. In order to convert the given ratio into a percent, we have to convert the given ratio first into the fraction and then multiply the fraction by 100. Conversely if we have to convert the given percent into ratio, we first convert the percent into the fraction and then reduce it to the lowest term.
\[x:y=\left( \frac{x}{y}\times 100 \right)%\]
Or \[x%=\frac{x}{100}=x:100\]
Percent can also be expressed in the form of decimal. In order to convert the given fraction into the decimal we divide the numerator with 100 and get the required decimal form or by simply putting the decimals two digit to the left of the numerator.
Thus, r% of the quantity y is \[=y\times \frac{r}{100}\]
 Introduction
The term profit and loss are related to the business and marketing. If a merchant purchases a goods at a certain rate and sells it at the rate higher than the purchase price then he said to have earn profit and if he sells at the price less than the purchase price then he said to have loss.
In this chapter, apart from profit and loss we will also discuss about the tax which we have to pay on the goods we purchase from the market. The tax we pay on the goods we purchase is called as value added tax or VAT. The tax we pay as a vat is the nominal amount on the goods which goes to government funds and used by the government for providing the various facilities to the public such as road, electricity, water, and many other facilities.
The another term we will use in this chapter is discount. Discount is the amount reduced on the marked price of the article by the shopkeeper. The rate of discount is the rate at which the amount is reduced on the marked price. The marked price of the article is the price which is mentioned on the article or on the tag of the article. There is a difference between the mark price and cost price of the article. If MP > CP, then shopkeeper will have profit on that particular article on the other hand if MP < CP, then the shopkeeper will have loss on the article. Also if SP > CP, then it is profit and if SP < CP, then it is loss.
 Cost Price
The amount at which an article is purchased is called its cost price. It is denoted by C.P.
\[\text{C}.\text{P}.=\text{S}.\text{ P}.-\text{Profit}\]
Selling Price
The amount at which an article is sold is called its selling price. It is denoted by S.P.
\[\text{Profit }=\text{S}.\text{P}.-\text{C}.\text{P}.\]
\[\text{Profit percent}=\frac{profit}{C.P.}\times 100\]
Also, \[S.P.=\left( \frac{100+\Pr ofit%}{100} \right)\times C.P.\]
\[\text{Loss }=\text{ C}.\text{P}.\text{ }-\text{S}.\text{P}.\]
\[\text{Loss Percent}=\frac{Loss}{C.P.}\times 100\]
\[S.P.=\left( \frac{100-Loss%}{100} \right)\times C.P.\]
Market Price
The price mentioned on an article is called market price. It is denoted by M P
\[\text{M}.\text{P}.=\text{ C}.\text{P}.\text{ }+\text{ Profit}\] Or, M.P. = S.P. + Discount
Discount
In order to increase the sale or clear the old stock some time the shopkeepers offer a certain percentage of rebate on the marked price this rebate is known as discount.
\[\text{S}.\text{P}.\text{ }=\text{M}.\text{P}.-\text{Discount}\]
\[\text{Discount }\!\!%\!\!\text{ =}\frac{Discount}{Markprice}\times 100\]
\[\text{Discount }\!\!%\!\!\text{ =}\left( \frac{M.P.-S.P.}{M.P.} \right)\times 100\]
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