Answer:
The electronic
configuration of carbon atom is
\[1{{s}^{2}},2{{s}^{2}},2p_{x}^{1}2p_{y}^{1}2p_{z}^{0}\].
For tetravalency, 2.s-orbital is unpaired and electron is shifted to \[2{{p}_{z}}\]
-orbital, i.e., four singly occupied orbitals undergo hybridization, i.e. \[s{{p}^{3}}\]-hybridization
giving tetrahedral geometry. For square planar geometry, one d-orbital is
required as \[ds{{p}^{2}}\]- hybridization is to take place which is not
possible for carbon atom as d-orbital is not present.
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