question_answer 47)

  The types of hybrid orbitals of nitrogen in \[NO_{2}^{+},NO_{3}^{-}\]and \[NH_{4}^{+}\] respectively are expected to be : (a) \[sp,\text{ }s{{p}^{3}}\]and\[s{{p}^{2}}\]      (b) \[sp,\text{ }s{{p}^{2}}\]and \[s{{p}^{3}}\]                (c)\[~s{{p}^{2}},\text{ }sp\]and\[s{{p}^{3}}\]                      (d) \[s{{p}^{2}},\text{ }s{{p}^{3}}\]and \[sp\]

Answer:

  (b) The number of orbitals involved in hybridisation can be determined by the application of formula : \[H=\frac{1}{2}[V+M-C+A]\] where H = number of orbitals involved in hybridisation V = valence electrons of central atom M = number of monovalent atoms linked with central atom C = charge on the cation A = charge on the anion \[NO_{2}^{+}:\,\,\,\,\,\,\,H=\frac{1}{2}[5+0-1+0]=2\,\,\,sp\] \[NO_{3}^{-}:\,\,\,\,\,\,\,H=\frac{1}{2}[5+0-0+1]=3\,\,s{{p}^{2}}\] \[NH_{4}^{+}:\,\,\,\,\,\,\,H=\frac{1}{2}[5+4-1+0]=4\,\,s{{p}^{3}}\]