Free Ncert Solutions for 11th Class Biology Excretory Products and their Elimination

Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

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Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.

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Indicate whether the following statements are true or false (a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex, (b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic. (c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman's capsule. (d) Henle's loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine, (e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted, tubule.

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4)

Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism.

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5)

Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.

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6)

Explain micturition.

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7)

Match the items of column I with those of column II

S.N.	Column I	Column II
A. B. C. D. E.	Ammonotelism Bowman's capsule Micturition Uricotelism ADH	1. Birds 2. Water reabsorption 3. Bony fish 4. Urinary bladder 5. Renal tubule

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8)

What is meant by the term osmoregulation?

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9)

Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why?

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10)

What is the significance of juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?

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11)

Name the following (a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures. (b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney. (c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle's loop.

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12)

Fill in the gaps (a) Ascending limb of Henle's loop is ...... to water, whereas the descending limb is ...... to it. (b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone ....... (c) Dialysis fluid contain all the constituents as in plasma except (d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) ...... gm of urea/day.

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13) The following substances are the excretory products in animals. Choose the least toxic form among them. (a) Urea (b) Uric acid (c) Ammonia (d) Carbon dioxide

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14) Filtration of the blood takes place at (a) PCT (b) DCT (c) Collecting ducts (d) Malpighian body

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15) Which of the following statement is incorrect? (a) ADH prevents conversion of angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin (b) Aldosterone facilitates water reabsorption (c) ANF enhances sodium reabsorption (d) Renin causes vasodilation

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16) A large quantity of one of the following is removed from our body by lungs. (a) only (b) only (c) and (d) ammonia

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17) The pH of human urine is approximately (a) 6.5 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 7.5

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18) Different types of excretory structures and animals are given below. Match them appropriately and mark the correct answer from among those given below

Excretory Structure/Organ Animals

a. Protonephridia 1.Prawn

b. Nephridia 2. Cockroach

c. Malpighian tubules 3. Earthworm

d. Green gland or antennal gland 4. Flatworms

Codes A B C D A B C D (a) 4 3 2 1 (b) 2 3 1 2 (c) 4 3 1 2 (d) 2 3 2 4

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19) Which one of the following statements is incorrect? (a) Birds and land snails are uricotelic animals (b) Mammals and frogs are ureotelic animals (c) Aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects are ammonotelic animals (d) Birds and reptiles are ureotelic

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20) Which of the following pairs is wrong? (a) Uricotelic ......... Birds (b) Ureotelic ......... Insects (c) Ammonotelic ......... Tadpole (d) Ureotelic ......... Elephant

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21) Which one of the following statement is incorrect? (a) The medullary zone of kidney is divided into a few conical masses called medullary pyramids projecting into the calyces (b) Inside the kidney the cortical region extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal pelvis (c) Glomerulus along with Bowman's capsule is called the renal corpuscle (d) Renal corpuscle, Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) of the nephron are situated in the cortical region of kidney

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22) The condition of accumulation of urea in the blood is termed as (a) renal calculi (b) glomerulonephritis (c) uremia (d) ketonuria

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23) Which one of the following is also known as ant diuretic hormone? (a) Oxytocin (b) Vasopressin (c) Adrenaline (d) Calcitonin

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24) Match the following columns.

Column I Column II

a. Proximal convoluted tubule 1.Formaton of concentrated urine

b. Distal convoluted tubule 2.Filtration of blood

c. Henle?s loop 3. Reabsorption of 70-80% of electrolytes

d. Counter current mechanisms 4. ionic balance

e. Renal corpuscle 5. Maintenance of concentration gradient in medulla.

Codes A B C D E A B C D E (a) 3 5 4 2 1 (b) 3 4 1 5 2 (c) 1 3 2 5 4 (d) 3 1 4 5 2

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25) Match the following columns.

Column I Column II

a. Glycosurea 1.Accumulation of uric acid in joints

b. Renal calculi 2.Inflammation in glomeruli

c. Glomerular nephritis 3.Mass of crystallized salts within the kidney

d. Gout 4.Presence of glucose in urine

Codes A B C D A B C D (a) 1 3 2 4 (b) 3 2 4 1 (c) 4 3 2 1 (d) 4 2 3 1

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26) We can produce a concentrated/dilute urine. This is facilitated by a special mechanism. Identify the mechanism. (a) Reabsorption from PCT (b) Reabsorption from collecting duct (c) Reabsorption/Secretion in DCT (d) Counter current mechanism in Henle's loop/vasa recta

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27) Dialysing unit (artificial kidney) contains a fluid which is almost same as plasma except that it has (a) high glucose (b) high urea (c) no urea (d) high uric acid

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28) Where does the selective reabsorption of glomerular filtrate take place?

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29) What is the excretory product from kidneys of reptiles?

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30) What is the composition of sweat produced by sweat glands?

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31) Identify the glands that perform the excretory function in prawns.

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32) What is the excretory structure in Amoeba?

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33) The following abbreviations are used in the context of excretory functions, what do they stand for? (a) ANF (b) ADH (b)GFR (d)DCT

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34) Differentiate glycosuria from ketonuria.

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35) What is the role of sebaceous glands?

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36) Name two actively transported substances in glomerular filtrate.

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37) Mention any two metabolic disorders, which can be diagnosed by analysis of urine.

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38) What are the main processes of urine formation?

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39) Sort the following into actively or passively transported substances during reabsorption of GFR. e.g., glucose, amino acids, nitrogenous wastes, water.

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40) Complete the following (a) Urinary excretion = tubular reabsorption + tubular secretion - (b) Dialysis fluid = plasma ?

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41) Mention the substances that exit from the tubules in order to maintain a concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium.

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42) Fill in the blanks appropriately Organ Excretory wastes (a) Kidneys ..................... (b) Lungs ..................... (c) Liver ..................... (d)Skin .....................

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43) Show the structure of a renal corpuscle with the help of a diagram.

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44) What is the role played by renin-angiotensin in the regulation of kidney function?

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45) Aquatic animals generally are ammonotelic in nature where as terrestrial forms are not. Comment.

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46) The composition of glomerular filtrate and urine is not same. Comment.

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47) What is the procedure advised for the correction of extreme renal failure? Give a brief account of it.

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48) How have the terrestrial organisms adapted themselves for conservation of water?

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49) Label the parts in the following figure.

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50) Explain, why a haemodialysing unit called artificial kidney?

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51) Comment upon the hormonal regulation of selective reabsorption.

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52) Explain the mechanism of formation of concentrated urine in mammals.

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53) Draw a labelled diagram showing reabsorption and secretion of major substances at different parts of the nephron.

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54) Explain briefly, micturition and disorders of the excretory system.

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55) How does tubular secretion help in maintaining ionic and acid-base balance in body-fluids?

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56) The glomerular filtrate in the loop of Henie gets concentrated in the descending and then gets diluted in the ascending limbs. Explain.

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57) Describe the structure of a human kidney with the help of a labeled diagram.

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Excretory Structure/Organ	Animals
a. Protonephridia	1.Prawn
b. Nephridia	2. Cockroach
c. Malpighian tubules	3. Earthworm
d. Green gland or antennal gland	4. Flatworms

Column I	Column II
a. Proximal convoluted tubule	1.Formaton of concentrated urine
b. Distal convoluted tubule	2.Filtration of blood
c. Henle?s loop	3. Reabsorption of 70-80% of electrolytes
d. Counter current mechanisms	4. ionic balance
e. Renal corpuscle	5. Maintenance of concentration gradient in medulla.

Column I	Column II
a. Glycosurea	1.Accumulation of uric acid in joints
b. Renal calculi	2.Inflammation in glomeruli
c. Glomerular nephritis	3.Mass of crystallized salts within the kidney
d. Gout	4.Presence of glucose in urine

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