question_answer 10)

Define decomposition and describe the processes and products of decomposition. 

Answer:

(i) Definition. Decomposition is the process of breaking of complex organic compounds into simpler and inorganic compounds by the decomposers like bacteria and fungi. Main aim of decomposition is to provide energy and nutrients to the decomposers. (ii)

Decomposition process	End products
1. Fragmentation of detritius by the deritivorous invertebrates.	Increases the surface area of detritus for the action of microbes.
2. Leaching of Eluviation	Carrying away of soluble nutrients from the A-horizon of soil by downward moving gravitational water.
3. Catabolism involves break down of detritus in the presence of extracellular enzymes released by the decomposers.	Simple organic compounds and inorganic substances are formed.
4. Humification involves transformation of simplified detritus into fully decomposed, dark colored and amorphous humus.	Humus acts as a reservoir of nutrients.
5. Mineralization	Release of inorganic substances like  water etc. and minerals like  etc. in the soil.