Answer:
The species that invade a bare area are
called pioneer species. In a xeric succession, the pioneer species are usually
lichens then bryophytes which are succeeded by ferns and some other bigger
plants.
Lichen produces lichen acid and carbonic
acid which corrodes rock surface and release minerals required for growth. The
corroded rock accumulate soil particle by wind and provides substrate for
Bryophytes and ferms.
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