Answer:
Factors affecting allele frequency in
populations are as described below
(i) Mutations These are sudden
heritable changes which are supposed to be the primary source of genetic
variation. They are of following two types
(a) Chromosomal Mutations
They arise due to changes in chromosome number and changes in structure.
(b) Gene Mutations These
are changes in gene structure and expression due to addition, deletion,
substitution or inversion of nucleotides.
(i) Non-random Mating
Repeated mating between individuals of certain selected traits changes the gene
frequency, e.g., selection of more brightly coloured male bird by a female bird
may increase the gene frequency of bright colour in the next generation.
(ii) Gene Flow (Gene
Migration) It is the movement of alleles into and out of a gene pool. Breeding
of immigrants with the host population adds new alleles to the gene pool of the
host population.
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