Answer:
(a) Harmful effects of alcohol:
(i) Alcohol has anaesthetic effect and intoxication on cerebrum and cerebellum of brain due to which alcoholic suffers from loss of judgement, will power, emotional control, visual problems, antisocial behaviour, incoherent speech, staggering gait, neuritis, etc.
(ii) Gasteritis and peptic ulcer as alcohol causes increased secretion of HCl.
(iii) Cirrhosis of liver in which liver becomes hard and dry. Liver becomes storehouse of fats.
(iv) Increased deposition of fats on the walls of blood vessels which causes increased blood pressure and cardiomyopathy.
(b) Harmful effects of drugs:
(i) Opiates act as depressant and the excess consumption of opiates may cause death due to blockage of respiration.
(ii) Stimulants like amphetamines impair vision and judgement of distance.
(iii) Overdose of cocaine may cause death due to cardiovascular or respiratory failure.
(iv) LSD is most dangerous hallucinogen which is known to cause chromosomal and foetal abnormalities.
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