Answer:
ART techniques are described as
follows
(i) Test-tube Baby Programmes In
this method, ova from the wife/donor (female) and the sperms from the
husband/donor (male) are collected and are induced to form zygote under
simulated conditions in the laboratory. This process is called In Vitro
Fertilization (IVF).
The zygote or early embryo with up
to 8 blastomeres is transferred into the Fallopian tube (process is called
Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer or ZIFT) and embryo with more than 8
blastomeres is transferred into the uterus (process is called Intra Uterine
TransferorlUT).
In females who cannot conceive,
embryos formed by fusion of gametes within the female (called in vivo fertilization)
are transferred.
(ii) Gamete Intra Fallopian
Transfer (GIFT)It is the transfer of an ovum collected from adonor into the
Fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one, but can provide
suitable environment for fertilization and further development of the embryo.
(iii) Artificial Insemination
(Al) in this method, the semen collected either from the husband or a healthy
donor is artificially introduced into the vagina or into the uterus(Intra
Uterine Insemination or IUI).
This technique is used in cases
where the male is unable to inseminate sperms in the female reproductive tract
or due to very low sperm count in the ejaculation.
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