12th Class Biology Principals And Processes Of Biotechnology

done 12th Biology Biotechnology Principles and Processes [Download Complete Solution]

• question_answer1) Can you list 10 recombinant proteins, which are used in medical practice? Find where they are used as therapeutics (Use the internet). 

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• question_answer2) Make a chart (with diagrammatic representation showing a restriction enzyme, the substrate DNA on which it acts, the site at which it cuts DNA and product it produces. 

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• question_answer3) From what you have learnt, can you tell, whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know? 

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• question_answer4) What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in the human cell? Consult your teacher.  

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• question_answer5) Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases? Justify your answer. 

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• question_answer6) Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks? 

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• question_answer7) Collect five examples of pallindromic DNA sequences by consulting your teacher. Better try to create a pallindromic sequence by following base-pair rules. 

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• question_answer8) Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage, a recombinant DNA is made? 

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• question_answer9) Can you think and answer, how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to selectable marker? 

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• question_answer10) Describe briefly the following: (a) Origin of replication (b) Bioreactors (c) Down streaming process  

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• question_answer11) Explain briefly: (a) PCR (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA (c) Chitinase  

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• question_answer12) Discuss with your teacher and find out how it distinguish between: (a) Plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA; (b) RNA and DNA; (c) Exonuclease and endonuclease.  

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• question_answer13)     Rising of dough is due to (a) multiplication of yeast (b) production ofCO2 (c) emulsification (d) hydrolysis of wheat flour starch into sugars

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• question_answer14)   An enzyme catalyzing the removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA is (a) endonuclease (b) exonuclease (c) DNA ligase (d) Hind II

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• question_answer15)   The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through the mediation of a vector like virus is termed as (a) transduction (b) conjugation (c) transformation (d) translation

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• question_answer16)   Which of the given statement is correct in the context of observing DNA separated by agarose gel electrophoresis? (a) DNA can be seen in visible light. (b) DNA can be seen without staining in visible light. (c) Ethidiurn bromide stained DNA can be seen in visible light. (d) Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen under exposure to UV light.

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• question_answer17)   'Restriction' in restriction enzyme refers to (a) cleaving of phosphodiesterbonci in DNA by the enzyme (b) cutting of DNA at specific position only (c) prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage in bacteria

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• question_answer18)   Which of the following is not required in the preparation of a recombinant DNA molecules? (a) Restriction endonucleases (b) DNA ligase (c) DNA fragment? (d) E. cols  

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• question_answer19)   In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules are separated on the basis of their (a) charge only (b) size only (c) charge to size ratio (d) All of these

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• question_answer20)   The most important feature in a plasmid to be used as a vector is (a) Origin of replication (On) (b) presence of a selectable marker (c)presence of sites for restriction endonuclease (d) its size

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• question_answer21)   While isolating DNA from bacteria, which of the following enzymes is not used? (a) Lysozyme (b) Ribonuclease (c) Deoxyribonuclease (d) Protease

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• question_answer22)   Which of the following has popularized the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)? (a) Easy availability of DNA template (b) Availability of synthetic primers (c) Availability of cheap deoxyribonucleotides (d) Availability of' Thermostable' DNA polymerase

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• question_answer23)   An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of (a) competent cells (b) transformed cells (c) recombinant cells (d) None of these

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• question_answer24)   Significance of heat shock method in bacterial transformation is to facilitate. (a) Binding of DNA to the cell wall (b) Uptake of DNA through membrane transport proteins (c) Uptake of DNA through transient pores in the bacterial cell wall (d) Expression of antibiotic resistance gene

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• question_answer25)   The role of DNA ligase in the construction of a recombinant DNA molecule is (a) formation of phosphodiester bond between two DNA fragments (b) formation of hydrogen bonds between sticky ends of DNA fragments (c) ligation of all purine and pyrimidine bases (d) None of the above

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• question_answer26)   Which of the following is not a source of restriction endonuclease? (a) Haemophilus influenza (b) Escherichia coli (c) Agrobacterium tumefaciens (d) Bacillus amyloli

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• question_answer27)   Which of the following steps are catalyzed by Taq polymerase in a PCRreaction? (a) Denaturation of template DNA (b) Annealing of primers to template DNA (c) Extension of primer end on the template DNA (d) All of the above

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• question_answer28)   A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be (a) human gene may have intron which bacteria cannot process (b) amino acid codons for humans and bacteria are different (c) human protein is formed but degraded by bacteria (d) All of the above

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• question_answer29)   Which of the following should be choosen for best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts? (a) Laboratory flask of largest capacity (b) A stirred-tank bioreactor without in-lets and out-lets (c) A continuous culture system (d) Any of the above

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• question_answer30)   Who among the following was awarded the Nobel Prize for the development of PCR technique? (a) Herbert Boyer(b) HargovindKhurana (c) Kary Mullis (d) Arthur Kornberg

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• question_answer31)   Which of the following statements does not hold true for restriction enzyme? (a) It recognizes a palindromic nucleotidesequence (b) It is an endonuclease (c) It is isolated from viruses (d) It produces the same kind of sticky ends in different DNA molecules

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• question_answer32)       How is copy number of the plasmid vector related to yield of recombinant protein?

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• question_answer33)   Would you choose an exonuclease, while producing a recombinant DNA molecule?

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• question_answer34)   What does H in 'd? and III refer to the enzyme Hind III?

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• question_answer35)   Restriction enzymes should not have more than one site of action in the cloning site of a vector. Comment.

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• question_answer36)   What does 'competent' refer to in competent cells used in transformation experiments?

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• question_answer37)   What is the significance of adding proteases at the time of isolation of genetic material (DNA)?

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• question_answer38)   While doing a PCR, 'denaturation' step is missed. What will be its effect on the process?

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• question_answer39)   Name a recombinant vaccine that is currently being used in vaccination program.

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• question_answer40)   Do biomolecules (DNA and protein) exhibit biological activity in anhydrous conditions?

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• question_answer41)   What modification is done on the Ti-plasmid of Agrobactenum tumefaciens to convert it into a cloning vector?

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• question_answer42)     What is meant by gene cloning?

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• question_answer43)   Both a wine maker and a molecular biologist who had developed are combinant vaccine claim to be biotechnologists. Who in your opinion is correct?

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• question_answer44)   A recombinant DNA molecule was created by ligating a gene to a plasmid vector. By mistake, an exonuclease was added to the tube containing there combinant DNA. How does this affect the next step in the experiment i.e., bacterial transformation?

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• question_answer45)   Restriction enzymes that are used in the construction of recombinant DNA are endonucleases which cut the DNA at 'specific'-recognition sequence? What would be the disadvantage if they do not cut the DNA at specific-recognition sequence?

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• question_answer46)   A plasmid DNA and a linear DNA (both are of the same size) have one site for a restriction endonuclease. When cut and separated on agarose gel electrophoresis, plasmid shows one DNA b and, while linear DMA showstwo fragments. Explain.

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• question_answer47)   How does one visualize DNA on an agarose gel?

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• question_answer48)   A plasmid without a selectable marker was choosen as vector for cloning agene. How does this affect the experiment?

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• question_answer49)   A mixture of fragmented DNA was electrophoresed in an agarose gel. Ascertaining the gel with ethidium bromide, no DNA bands were observed. What could be the reason?

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• question_answer50)   Describe the role ofin the preparation of competent cells?

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• question_answer51)   What would happen when one grows a recombinant bacterium in the bioreactor but forget to add antibiotic to the medium in which there combinant is growing?

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• question_answer52)   Identify and explain A, B and C in the PCR diagram given below,  

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• question_answer53)   Name the regions marked A, B and C.      

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• question_answer54)     For selection of recombinants, insertional inactivation of antibiotic marker has been super coded by insertional inactivation of a marker gene coding for a chromogenic substrate. Give reasons.

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• question_answer55)   Describe the role of Agrobactenumtumefaciens in transforming a plant cell.

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• question_answer56)   Illustrate the design of a bioreactor. Highlight the difference between a flask in your laboratory and a bioreactor which allows cells to grow in a continuous culture system.

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