Answer:
(a) Out of the above given organisms lichens can
grow on rocks. During growth, they release certain substances that cause the
rock surface 10 powders down and form a thin layer of soil. Lichens grow on the
rock surface, extract minerals from them.
This creates small crevices at places where a thin layer
of soil builds up.
Mosses grow over these crevices and cause deepening of the
crevices and result in build sup of more soil inside them. Deeper crevices form
cracks and cracks become wider and deeper when the roots of short lived herbs
pass into them.
With the passage of time, the roots of bigger plants,
(e.g., peepal, banyan tree) pass into the cracks. Cracks gradually widen and
cause slow fragmentation and eventually pulverization of rocks.
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