Answer:
The number of electrons gained, lost or shared so as to complete the octet of electrons in valence shell is called valency.
Valency of silicon: It has electronic configuration → 2,8.4
Thus, 4 electrons are shared with other atoms to complete the octet and so its valency = 4
Valency of oxygen : It has electronic configuration →2,6
Thus, It will gain 2 electrons to complete its octet. So its valency = 2
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