Answer:
(a) Schleiden (1836) and Schwann (1834) gave the
cell theory, which was further refined by R. Virchow (1855). The main
postulates of cell theory are
(i) All organisms are composed of cells and cell products.
(ii) All metabolic reactions take place in cells. Thus
cell are structural and functional units of life.
(iii) All cell arise from pre-existing cells only. No cell
can originate spontaneously but they comes into being only by division of pre-existing
cells.
(iv) Every organism starts its life as a single cell.
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