Answer:
The climate of India is described as the monsoon type
(a) The factors affecting the climate of-an area are latitude, altitude, pressure and wind system distance from the sea,
(b) Pressure and surface winds, and relief features.
(c) India lies in the region of north-easterly winds. These winds originate from the subtropical high pressure belt in the northern hemisphere, get deflected to the right due to the coriolis force and move on towards the equatorial low pressure area.
(d) In summer, a low pressure area develops over interior Asia and north-western India. This causes complete reversal of the direction of the winds during summer. Air moves from the high pressure area over the southern Indian Ocean, crosses the equator and turns right towards the low pressure areas over the Indian subcontinent. These are known as the south-west monsoon winds. These winds blow over the warm oceans, gather moisture and bring widespread rainfall over the mainland of India.
(e) The upper air circulation in this region is dominated by a westerly flow.
(f) The duration of the monsoon is between 100-120 days from early June to mid September.
(g) The Southern Oscillation (SO) and jet streams also affects the monsoon.
Withdrawal or Retreat of Monsoon The withdrawal or retreat of the monsoon begins in the states of India by early September. By mid October, it withdraws completely from the northern half of the peninsula. By December, the monsoon has withdrawn from the rest of the country.
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