Answer:
France was ruled by the Directory, an executive made up of five members.
(i) However, the Directors often clashed with the Legislative Councils, who then sought to dismiss them.
(ii) The political instability of the Directory paved the way for the rise of a military dictator, Napoleon Bonaparte.
(iii) After crowning himself as Emperor of France in 1804, he went out to conquer the neighboring European countries, dispossessing dynasties and creating kingdoms where he placed members of his family.
(iv) Initially, he was viewed as a liberator who would bring freedom to the people, but soon the Napoleonic armies came to be viewed everywhere as an invading force.
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