3rd Class General Knowledge Transport and Communication / परिवहन एवं संचार Notes - Transport and Communication

Transport and Communication

Interesting Facts

•        Eco cars are environment friendly cars developed to reduce pollution.
•        There are over 200 national highways.
•        The national highways consume only 1.7% of all Indian roads.
•         The NH7 is the longest national highway in India running from Varanasi to kanyakumari. 

We all Need to Travel: We use different vehicles to travel to different places like:

•           We go to nearby market using a rickshaw or a bicycle.
•           We go to school in a school bus.
•           To visit our relatives or friends living far away, we use a car.
•           We either take aeroplane or train to visit other cities and countries.

MODE OF TRANSPORT

1.            Land transport: Vehicles which run on roads or tracks are called land transport. It is the most common mode of transport. Road transport and railways are different types of land transport. In Kolkata, one more mode of transport called tram or tramcars are used.

(a) Road transport: Most people travel by cars, scooters, bikes, auto rickshaws and buses. Buses are main means of transport for travelling long distances.

People in villages use bullock carts to carry loads and for travelling from one place to another. Nowadays. lorry is also used for carrying loads.

(b) Railway transport: Various cities in a country are connected with trains. They carry hundreds of people at one time from one city to another. Cities such as Delhi, Kolkata, Bangalore and Mumbai also have metro trains. They carry people within the city from one place to another in very less time.

Do you know?

•        Indian Railways is the largest rail network in Asia in the world?s second largest.
•        The first train on Indian rail ran between Bombay and Thane on the 16th of April, 1853.
•        India has about 14,500 km of navigable waterways which comprises rivers, canals, backwaters, etc.

2.            Water transport; Vehicles such as boats, ships, submarines and steamers that run in water are means of water transport. Boats and ships carry people and goods from one place to another. Boats cover short distances while ships travel long distances.

Cargo ships are used to transport tonnes of goods from one country to another. Submarines are used by naval forces. They are sinkina ships, hence they only fit in oceans and seas.

3.             Air transport: Air transport is the fastest means of transport. It includes vehicles such as aeroplanes and helicopters. An aeroplane can carry both people and goods from one country to another over mountains, oceans, land or sea. Helicopters can carry only a few people. They are mostly used by the air force and army to reach dense jungles or high mountains.

Communication: It is a term used to express our thoughts, sending or receiving messages from one person to another. Communication is of two types-

Verbal and Non-verbal.

Verbal communication is in the form of spoken or written words while non-verbal communication is in the form of gestures or eye contact.

MODES OF COMMUNICATION

(1)          Postal communication; Letters are the oldest way of written communication. Every city and most of the villages in our country have post offices. We can buy inland letters, postcards and stamped envelops from there. Aerogrammes are used to send letters abroad. We can send money through money orders and parcels to our friends and relatives from one place to another. Letters are sent to the destinations by road, air or ship.

Interesting Facts

•          The world's highest post office is located in Hikkim, Himachal Pradesh.
•          Postage stamps were first used in 1852 at district of Scinde.
•          India has the largest postal network in the world.

(2)          Telephones: A telephone is the quickest and most convenient means of communication. We can talk to a person by dialing his/her phone number. We need to dial numbers with their STD codes, if we are calling to different states. For example, if we want to call our grandfather from Uttar Pradesh to Delhi, we will dial Oil as Delhi's STD code.

STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialing) services are used to link people within the country while ISD (International Subscriber Dialing) services are used to link people of different countries. Nowadays. mobiles have become popular as they can be carried anywhere.

Do you know?

•        Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1874.

(3)          Mass communication: Communicating messages to a very large number of people at different locations at the same time is called mass communication. Newspaper, magazine, internet, cinema, radio and television are some examples of mass communication.

(a) Newspaper and Magazines: Newspaper carries news and articles from all over the world. It makes us aware about what is happening all around the globe. Magazine carries articles and illustrations on few particular topics. Newspapers and magazines are printed in different languages.

(b) Internet; Internet is a fast and reliable means of communication. It has brought the whole world to a small work place. E-mails can be used to send information to any part of the world through internet connectivity. It is one of the fastest means of communication known today. We can also surf information about almost everything on the internet. For surfing information, two types of internet modems? WiFi modem and USB modem are used.

(c) Radio and Television: Radio is used only for listening news, songs and other programes but on television programes can be both watched and listened. Movies, news or any other programs that is happening in any part of the world can be watched on television. There are set timings for different programes.\

Interesting Facts

•           The oldest existing English daily is the Times of India.
•           There are 462 million internet users in India in which more than 200 million are social media active users.