3rd Class Mathematics Division

Division

Division:

• Division is a process of dividing into groups. It is also considered as a process of repeated subtraction.

Equal - sharing:

Ex : 1 have 12 apples with me and I want to distribute them equally among 3 boys. How many apples will each boy get?

Step - 1: Give 1 apple to each boy.

we have, 12-3 =9 apples left.

Step - 2: Again give 1 apple to each boy.

we have, 9-3=6 apples left.

Step - 3: Give 1 more apple to each boy

We have, 6-3=3 apples left.

Step - 4: Again give 1 more apple to each boy.

We have, 3-3=0. Each boy has got 4 apples and no apple is left.

We observed that 12 apples have been distributed among 3 boys. Each boy got 4 apples.

Thus 12- 3=4    

Grouping:

Ex: 9 balls are to be distributed among some boys. Each boy should get 3 balls. How many boys are there?

Step -1: Give 3 balls to one boy

We have, 9 - 3=6 balls left.

Step - 2: Give 3 balls to the next boy.

We have, 6 - 3=3 balls left

Step - 3: Give 3 balls to the next boy.

We have, 3 - 3 =0

No balls left. We observed that, Three boys got the balls.

Thus, 9 – 3 = 3

Multiplication and Division facts:

Basic terms used in division:

• Dividend: It is the number we divide.
• Divisor: It is the number with which we divide.
• Quotient: It is the result obtained on division.

• Remainder: It is the number left undivided.

• Dividend = divisor x quotient + remainder
• In division, the remainder has to be either "0" or less than divisor.
• If we divide a number by the number itself, then the quotient is 1.
• If we divide a number by 1, the quotient is the same as the dividend.

• Long division:

Ex: Divide 93 by 4 using long division.

Step - 1: Arrange the numbers in the following manner.

4) 93 (

Step - 2: We divide from left. We see 4 x 2 = 8 less than 9 and 4 x 3 = 12 greater than 9.    

\[\therefore \]We take 2 as the quotient.

Step - 3: We see 4 \[\times \] 3 = 12 less thanl3, 4 \[\times \] 4 = 16 greater than 13.

\[\therefore \]we take 3 as the quotient

So, I is the remainder.

Thus, 93 - 4 = 23, remainder 1.

Verification:

Dividend = Divisor\[\times \]Quotient + Remainder

93= 4\[\times \]23+1

= 92+1

= 93

\[\therefore \]The answer is verified.

Tests of Division:

• A number with "0" at one's place is divisible by 10.
• A number with "0" or "5" at one's place is divisible by 5.
• A number with 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 at one's place is divisible by 2.
• If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by 3, then the number is divisible by 3.