4th Class Mental Ability Analogy 372 Analogy

Analogy

OBJECTIVES

·      Students will be able to study the similar patterns.

·      They will be able to short out object on the basis of similarity

Introduction

In ?analogy? a pair of figures/letters/words/numbers is provided and a similar relationship is followed by another pair of figures/letters/words/numbers. This is also known as 'Similarity' or 'Matching pairs'.

Types of analogy

1. Word Analogy

In word analogy, a group of three words is given, followed by four alternatives. The student is required to choose the alternative, which is similar to the given group of words.

Example - 1

Paw: Cat:: Hoof:?

(a) Horse                       (b) Lion        

(c) Lamb                       (d) Elephant

                   Ans.     (a)

Explanation: First is the name given to the foot of the second.

Example - 2

Moon is related to satellite in the same way as Earth is related to....?

(a) Sun                          (b) Planet      

(c) Solar system              (d) Asteroid

                  Ans.     (b)

Explanation: Moon is a satellite and earth is a planet.

                 2. Letter Analogy

In letter analogy, a group of letters is given, followed by four alternatives. The student is required to choose the alternative, which is similar to the given group of letters.

Example - 3

Complete the second pair in the same way as first pair.

AT is to CV, as LR is to

(a) MS                           (b) NT          

(c) KQ                           (d) RL

                   Ans.     (b)

Explanation: As,

So, NT will complete the second pair.

Example - 4

COME is related to EOMC, in the same way HOME is related to

(a) EMOH                      (b) IPNF       

(c) EOMH                      (d) FNPI

                   Ans.     (c)

Explanation: As,   

So, HOME is related to EOMH.

3. Number Analogy

In number analogy, a group of numbers is given, followed by four alternatives. The student is required to choose the alternative, which is similar to the given group of numbers.

Example - 5

63 is related to 3, in the same way as 96 is related to...............?

(a) 15                            (b) 3             

(c) 9                              (d) 5

                   Ans.     (d)

Explanation: As,          

                        \[63=6+3=9\,and\,9\div 3=3\]

Similarly, \[96=9+6=15\text{ }and\text{ }15\div 3=5\]

So, 96 is related to 5.

4. Mixed Analogy

In mixed analogy, a group of combination of numbers/letters/words is given, followed by four alternatives. The student is required to choose the alternative, which is similar to the given group of combination of numbers/letters/words.

Example - 6

A: 1: : C : ?

(a) 2                              (b) 4             

(c) 6                              (d) 9

                    Ans.     (d)

Explanation: As,     

\[A\to {{(1)}^{2}}=1\] (the positional value of A is 1)

Similarly, \[C\to {{(3)}^{2}}=9\] (the positional value of C is 3).

So, C is related to 9.

                  5. Figure Analogy

In figure analogy, a group of figures is given, followed by four alternatives. The student is required to choose the alternative, which is similar to the given group of figures.

Example - 7

Which figure will complete the second pair in the same way as first pair.

(a)                  (b)  

(c)                    (d)  

                     Ans.     (c)

Explanation: The design in first figure is completed and divided into four equal parts to obtain the second figure.