# 5th Class Mathematics Geometrical Figures Geometrical Figures

Geometrical Figures

Category : 5th Class

Geometrical Figures

Introduction

We observe different types of figures around us. They are in different shapes. In this chapter we will discuss about different types of geometrical figures such as line, angles etc.

Point

To show a particular location, a dot (.) is placed over it, that dot is known as point.

•            Example

In the above figures point A represents $\frac{1}{3},$ point B represents $\frac{2}{3},$ and point C represents 1.

Line Segment

Line segment is defined as the shortest distance between two fixed points. For example

It is denoted as $\overline{AB}.$

•            Example

How many line segments are there in the figure?

(a) 2                                                                  (b) 4

(c) 8                                                                  (d) 16

(e) None of these

Ray

It is defined as the extension of a line segment in one infinitive direction. For example:

It is denoted as $\overline{AB}.$

•                   Example

How many rays are there in the given figure?

(a) 2                                                                  (b) 4

(c) 12                                                                (d) 16

(e) None of these

Line

Line is defined as the extension of a line segment infinitive in either direction.

It is denoted as $\overline{MN}$

•             Example

How many lines are there in the following figure?

(a) 2                                                                  (b) 4

(c) 8                                                                  (d) 16

(e) None of these

Angle

Inclination between two rays having common end point is called angle.

Angle is measured in degree. Symbol of the degree is $\,{}^\circ \,$and written as $a{}^\circ ,$where a is the measurement of the angle.

Types of Angle

There are different types of angles.

Right Angle

An angle whose measure is exactly $90{}^\circ$is a right angle.

$\angle$ ABC is a right angle.

Acute Angle

An angle whose measure is less than $90{}^\circ$is an acute angle.

$\angle$ DEF is an acute angle.

Obtuse Angle

An angle whose measure is greater than $90{}^\circ$but less than $180{}^\circ$is a obtuse angle.

$\angle$ LMN is an obtuse angle

Straight Angle

An angle whose measure is $180{}^\circ$is a straight angle.

$\angle$ ABC is straight angle

Reflex Angle

An angle whose measure is greater than $180{}^\circ$but less than $360{}^\circ$is a reflex angle.

$\angle$ JOP is a reflex angle

•                  Example

Name the angle which measures exactly $90{}^\circ .$

•                  Example

Triangle

The geometrical shapes having three sides are called triangle.

Triangle has been classified:

(a)   On the basis of sides

(b)   On the basic of angles

Sides Based Classification

On the basis of sides, triangle is of three types:

Equilateral Triangle

It is the triangle in which all the three sides are equal.

Isosceles Triangle

In this type of triangle two of the three sides are equal.

Scalene Triangle

In this triangle all the sides are unequal.

Angle Based Classification

On the basis of angles, triangles are of three types.

Acute Angled Triangle

A triangle whose all the angles are acute is called acute angled triangle.

Obtuse Angled Triangle

A triangle in which one angle is an obtuse angle is called on obtuse angled triangle.

Right Angled Triangle

A triangle in which one angle is $90{}^\circ$is called a right angled triangle.

PQR is a right-angled triangle as it contains a right angle ($\angle$ PQR)

•             Example

Name the triangle which has two equal sides.

•             Example

If the sum of two angles of a triangle is $80{}^\circ$the triangle is:

(a) Acute angled triangle                                      (b) Obtuse angled triangle

(c) Right angled triangle                                        (d) All of these

(e) None of these

Sum of two angles of a triangle is $80{}^\circ$

Therefore, third angle $180{}^\circ$- $80{}^\circ$= $100{}^\circ$ which is an obtuse angle.

The geometrical figure having four sides is called quadrilateral.

(i)     Rectangle

(ii)    Square

Rectangle

Rectangle is a quadrilateral in which:

(i)     All angles are of $90{}^\circ ;$

(ii)    Opposite sides are equal.

Square

Square is a quadrilateral in which:

(i)     All angles are of$90{}^\circ ;$

(ii)    All sides are equal.

•             Example:

How many angles of a rectangle are right angles?

(a) 1                                                                  (b) 2

(c) 3                                                                  (d) 4

(e) None of these

•             Example:

How many sides a quadrilateral has?

(a) 1                                                                  (b) 2

(c) 3                                                                  (d) 4

(e) None of these

Circle

Circle is a close curved line whose all points are at the same distance from a given point in a plane.

Chord

It is the line segment joining two distinct points of the circle.

Radius of a circle is half of the diameter.

In the above circle, O is the center, OA, OB, and OC are radius, and DE is the chord of the circle.

•             Example:

If diameter of a circle is 25 cm, find the radius of the circle

Answer: Radius = $\frac{25}{2}$ = 12.5 cm

•             Example:

O is the center of a circle and P is the point on the line of the circle. OP is ???? of the circle

(c) Chord                                                           (d) All of these

(e) None of these

Cuboid: Cuboid is a box shaped solid object. It has six flat faces, which are rectangular in shape.

Cube: Cube is also a box shaped solid object with six faces, which are square in shape.

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