ANALOGY AND CLASSIFICATION
Category : 6th Class
Analogy is a comparison between one thing and another, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification. In verbal analogy question a pair of words/phrases is given. You have to determine the exact relationship among these words/phrases. The relationship is always precise and unambiguous. Then from among the given alternatives you have to choose a pair of words that best exemplifies the relationship of the original pair.
We understand analogy as the act of matching one set of relationships with another set of relationships. For example, the analogy "I feel like fish out of water" means I am out of my comfort zone. Here, I match myself to fish, and water to my current environment.
The purpose of an analogy is to provide insight that would otherwise not be readily or vividly apparent. Saying "I feel like a fish out of water" Succinctly conveys an image and a feeling that may not be easily summarized using direct description. It is most useful when the connection it indicates is unexpected.
The purpose of Classification is to divide into groups based on essential characteristics. A cherry tree and a peach tree have similar flowers and fruit, and so are taxonomically in the rose family. It is most useful in identifying patterns and groupings and most interesting when one is seeking the delineation of boundaries between groups.
In this part, a word and its related word is given, and then another word with four options are given. Such that we have to find out the related word from the option.
E.g.:- Phone: Cellphone :: Computer ::__?__
(a) Speaker
(b) Keyboard
(c) Theatre
(d) Laptop
In this (d) Laptop is the answer. Since Cellphone is the derivative of Phone like this Laptop is the derivative of Computer.
'Analogy' means' Similarity'. In this type of questions, two objects related in some way are given and another similar relationship has to be identified.
TYPES OF QUESTIONS:
(i) ____ : ____ :: ____ : ?
I II III IV
In this type, objects I and II, related in some way are given and object III is also given. We have to find out object IV from the alternative provided which bears the same relationship with the object III as objects I and II are related.
(ii) ____ : ____ :: ? : ?
I II III IV
In this type, we have to find the pair of objects as objects III & IV which bears the same relationship as objects I & II are related.
ANTONYM RELATIONSHIP
Example 1: Deep : Shallow :: Freedom : ___
(a) Democracy
(b) Convict
(c) Prison
(d) Discipline
Solution: (c) 'Deep' is the antonym of 'Shallow' while 'Freedom? is the antonym of 'prison'.
Some more examples are given below:
Best : Worst
Save : Kill
Initial : Final
Lend : Borrow
Import : Export
Zenith : Nadir
Dawn : Dusk
Flood : Famine
Advance : Retreat
Cruel : Kind
Ignore : Notice
Create : Destroy
Sink : Float
Mourn : Rejoice ?
SYNONYM RELATIONSHIP
Example 2 : Genuine : Authentic :: Mirage : ?
(a) Image
(b) Transpiration
(c) Reflection
(d) Illusion
Solution: (d) 'Illusion' is the synonym of 'Mirage'.
Some more examples are given below :
Vacant : Empty
Tempest : Storm
Admire : Praise
Stable : Rigid
Ban : Prohibition
Dearth : Scarcity
Abduct : Kidnap
Blend : Mix
Brim : Edge
Fallacy : Illusion
QUANTITY AND UNIT
Example 3 : Volume : Litre :: Area : ____
(a) Hectare
(b) Degree
(c) Radian
(d) Newton
Solution: (a) Area : Hectare
Some more examples are given below
Force : Newton
Temperature : Degree
Power : Watt
Energy : Joule
Mass : Kilogram
Pressure : Pascal
Current : Ampere
Time : Second
Angle : Radian
Length : Metre
Frequency : Hertz
INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP/CLASS
Example 4 : Moon : Satellite :: Earth : ?
(a) Sun
(b) Planet
(c) Solar system
(d) Asteroid
Solution: (b) Moon is a satellite and Earth is a planet.
Some more examples are given below :
Man : Crowd
Flowers : Bouquet
Fish : Shoal
Sheep : Flock
Cattle : Herd
Singer : Chorus
Soldiers : Army
Artist : Troupe
PRODUCT AND RAW MATERIAL
Example 5 : Candle : Wax :: Paper : ?
(a) Wood
(b) Tree
(c) Bamboo
(d) Pulp
Solution: (d) First is made from the second. ?
Some more examples are given below :
Metal : Ore
Bread : Flour
Curd : Milk
Wine : Grapes
Butter : Milk
Wall : Brick
Furniture : Wood
Pullover : Wool
Fabric : Yam
Book : Paper
Cloth : Fibre
Oil : Seed
Shoes : Leather
Metal : Ore
Ketchup : Tomato
Marmalade : Orange
TROPHY AND GAME
Example 6: Wimbledon Trophy : Tennis :: Walker's Cup :?
(a) Hockey
(b) Polo
(c) Golf
(d) Wrestling
Solution: (c) Walker's Cup : Golf ?
Some more examples are given below:
Ranji Trophy : Cricket
Dhyan Chand Trophy : Hockey
Thomas Cup : Badminton
Uber cup : Badminton
Azlan Shah Trophy : Hockey
WORKER AND WORKING PLACE
Example 7 : Doctor : Hospital :: Teacher : __
(a) Office
(b) School
(c) House
(d) Field
Solution: (b) Teacher : School ?
Some more examples are given below:
Lawyer : Court
Farmer : Field
Pilot : Cockpit
Chef : Kitchen
Artist : Theatre
Sailor : Ship
Servant : House
Engineer : Site
Scientist : Laboratory
Clerk : Office
Painter : Gallery
Waiter : Restaurant
Gambler : Casino
WORKER AND PRODUCT
Example 8 : Producer : Film :: Author : ___
(a) Food
(b) Newspaper
(c) Book
(d) Poem
Solution: (c) Author : Book ?
Some more examples are given below:
Tailor : Dress
Farmer : Crop
Cobbler : Shoes
Goldsmith : Ornaments
Carpenter : Furniture
Editor : Newspaper
Poet : Poem
Chef : Food
TOOLAND WORKER
Example 9 : Pen : Author :: Sword : ____
(a) Carpenter
(b) Warrior
(c) Tailor
(d) Farmer
Solution: (b) Sword : Warrior ?
Some more examples are given below:
Gun : Soldier
Saw : Carpenter
Harrow : Gardener
Axe : Woodcutter
Chisel : Sculptor
Needle : Tailor
Knife : Chef
Stethoscope : Doctor
Plough : Farmer
Anvil : Blacksmith
Brush : Painter
Scissors : Barber
Telescope : Astronomer
ORGAN AND DISEASE
Example 10 : Eye : Myopia :: Teeth : ?
(a) Pyorrhoea
(b) Cataract
(c) Trachoma
(d) Eczema
Solution: (a) Second is a disease of the first. ?
Some more examples are given below:
Liver : Jaundice
Eye : Cataract
Kidney : Stone
CAPITALAND COUNTRY
Example 11 : Ottawa : Canada :: Canberra : ?
(a) Argentina
(b) Switzerland
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) Australia
Solution: (d) Ottawa is the capital of Canada and Canberra is the capital of Australia. ?
Some more examples are given below:
Rome : Italy
Muscat : Oman
Lima : Peru
Accra : Ghana
Oslo : Norway
Delhi : India
New York : USA
Mexico City : Mexico
CAUSE AND EFFECT
Example 12 :
Race : Fatigue :: Fast :______
(a) Hunger
(b) Sleep
(c) Energy
(d) Disease
Solution: (a) Fast: Hunger ?
Some more examples are given below:
Shoot : Skill
Infection : Disease
Food : Energy
INSTRUMENT AND MEASUREMENT
Example 13 : Scale : Length :: Odometer : ___
(a) Temperature
(b) Current
(c) Speed
(d) Rain
Solution: (c) Odometer : Speed ?
Some more examples are given below:
Thermometer : Temperature
Hygrometer : Humidity
Ammeter : Current
Seismograph : Earthquake
MALE AND FEMALE
Example 14 : Son : Daughter :: Nephew : ____
(a) Girl
(b) Lady
(c) Cousin
(d) Niece
Solution: (d) Nephew : Niece ?
Some more examples are given below:
Lion : Lioness
Duck : Drake
Boy : Girl
Dog : Bitch
Bull : Cow
Gentleman : Lady
STUDY AND TOPIC
Example 15: Virology : Virus :: Entomology ;
(a) Insects
(b) Animals
(c) Fungi
(d) Fishes
Solution: (a) Entomology: Insects ?
Some more examples are given below:
Botany : Plants
Zoology : Animals
Mycology : Fungi
Phycology : Algae
Ichthyology : Fishes
Histology : Tissues
Astronomy : Planets
Astrology : Future
Taxonomy : Classification
Pathology : Disease
Haematology : Blood
Pedology : Soil
Anthropology : Man
Cardiology : Heart
Palaeography : Writings
TOOL AND ACTION
Example 16 : Pen : Write :: Gun :_______
(a) Dig
(b) Shoot
(c) Cut
(d) Guard
Solution: (b) Gun : Shoot ?
Some more examples are given below:
Loudspeaker : Amplify
Microscope : Magnify
Filter : Purify
Spoon : Feed
Sheild : Guard
Steering : Drive
WORD AND INTENSITY
Example 17: Quarrel : War :: Unhappy :____
(a) Happy
(b) Sad
(c) Refuse
(d) Deny
Solution: (b) Unhappy: Sad ?
Some more examples are given below:
Crime : Sin
Refuse : Deny
Famous : Renowned
Sink : Drown
Wish : Desire
Moist : Drench
SYMBOLIC RELATIONSHIP
Example 18 : Redcross : Hospital:: Red : ____
(a) Roses
(b) Danger
(c) Blood
(d) None of these
Solution: (b) Red: Danger ?
Some more examples are given below:
Degree : Knowledge
Stars : Rank
Mace : Majesty
Black : Sorrow
Green : Clear
Victoria cross : Bravery
Crown : Monarchy
HISTORICAL BUILDINGAND PLACE
Example 19 : Red Fort : Delhi :: Golden Temple:_______
(a) Agra
(b) Amritsar
(c) Jama Masjid
(d) Taj Mahal
Solution: (b) Golden Temple: Amritsar ?
Some more examples are given below:
Taj Mahal : Agra
Qutub Minar : Delhi
Rock Garden : Chandigarh
Sun Temple : Orissa
Jama Masjid : Delhi
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