8th Class Mental Ability Analogy 372 Analogy

Analogy

Learning Objectives

• What is Analogy
• Worker and Product
• Worker and Tool Relationship
• Tool and Action
• Worker and Working Place
• Product and Raw Material
• Quantity and Unit
• Study and Topic
• Animal and Young Ones

Analogy

In general, meaning of analogy is similarity. But, in terms of reasoning, the meaning of analogy is logical similarity in two or more things. This similarity may be on the basis of properties, kinds, traits, shapes etc. In the questions based on analogy, a particular relationship is given and another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives provided. Analogy tools are therefore meant to test one's ability to reason - how far you are able to compare and comprehend the relationship that exists between two objects, things or figures. There are many possibilities in establishing a relationship. Here are some useful points on the basic knowledge required for the test.

Worker and Product

• Example

Carpenter: Furniture:: Mason : Wall

Explanation: Carpenter makes Furniture and Mason builds a Wall.

1. Author: Book
2. Architect: Design
3. Butcher: Meat
4. Chef: Food
5. Choreographer: Ballet
6. Cobbler: Shoes
7. Editor: Newspaper
8. Farmer: Crop
9. Judge: Justice
10. Poet: Poem
11. Painter: Painting
12. Tailor: Clothes

Worker and Tool Relationship

• Example

Woodcutter: Axe :: Soldier: Gun

Explanation: Axe is the tool used by a Woodcutter, likewise a Soldier uses Gun to shoot.

1. Author: Pen
2. Astronomer: Telescope
3. Barber: Scissors
4. Butcher: Chopper
5. Blacksmith: Anvil
6. Bricklayer: Trowel
7. Carpenter: Saw
8. Cobbler: Awl
9. Doctor: Stethoscope
10. Farmer: Plough
11. Gardener: Harrow
12. Painter: Brush
13. Sculptor: Chisel
14. Surgeon: Scalpel
15. Surgeon: Scalpel

Tool and Action

• Example

Pen: Write :: Knife: Cut

Explanation: Pen is used for Writing and Knife is used for Cutting.

1. Sword : Slaughter
2. Auger: Bore
3. Chisel: Carve
4. Gun : Shoot
5. Loudspeaker: Amplify
6. Microscope : Magnify
7. Oar: Row
8. Spade : Dig
9. Shovel : Scoop
10. Spoon : Feed
11. Spanner: Grip
12. Steering : Drive

Worker and Working Place

• Example

Farmer: Field :: Doctor: Hospital

Explanation: A Farmer works on a Field while a Doctor works in a Hospital.

1. Artist: Theatre
2. Actor: Stage
3. Clerk: Office
4. Driver: Cabin
5. Engineer: Site
6. Lawyer: Court
7. Mechanic : Garage
8. Pilot: Cockpit
9. Sailor: Ship
10. Scientist: Laboratory
11. Teacher: School
12. Warrior: Battlefield
13. Worker: Factory

Product and Raw Material

• Example

Cloth: Fibre :: Petrol : Crude Oil

Explanation: Cloth is made of Fibre and Petrol is extracted from Crude oil.

1. Book : Paper
2. Butter: Milk
3. Furniture : Wood
4. Fabric : Yarn
5. Jaggery : Sugarcane
6. Sack: Jute
7. Oil: Seed
8. Omlette : Egg
9. Paper: Pulp
10. Road: Asphalt
11. Rubber: Latex
12. Shoes : Leather

Quantity and Unit

• Example

Length: Metre :: Mass: Kilogram

Explanation: Metre is the unit of Length and Kilogram is the unit of Mass.

1. Angle : Radians
2. Current: Ampere
3. Energy : Joule
4. Force : Newton
5. Temperature : Kelvin
6. Potential : Volt
7. Power: Watt
8. Pressure : Pascal
9. Resistance : Ohm
10. Time : Seconds
11. Volume : Litre
12. Work : Joule

Instrument and Measurement

• Example

Barometer: Pressure :: Speedometer: Speed

Explanation: Barometer is used to measure Pressure. Speedometer is used to measure

Speed.

1. Ammeter: Current
2. Anemometer: Wind Velocity
3. Balance : Mass
4. Hygrometer: Humidity
5. Rain Gauge : Rain
6. Screw Gauge : Thickness
7. Seismograph : Earthquakes
8. Sphygmomanometer: Blood Pressure
9. Thermometer: Temperature

Study and Topic

• Example

Botany: Plants :: Ornithology: Birds

Explanation: Botany is the study of Plants/ Ornithology is the study of Birds.

1. Anthropology: Man
2. Astrology : Future
3. Cytology : Cells
4. Cardiology : Heart
5. Entomology : Insects
6. Haematology : Blood
7. Nephrology : Kidney
8. Oology : Eggs
9. Orography : Mountains
10. Palaeontology : Fossils
11. Pedology : Soil
12. Pathology : Diseases
13. Semantics : Language
14. Seismology : Earth-quakes
15. Zoology : Animals

Animal and Young Ones

• Example

Cat: Kitten :: Dog : Puppy

Explanation: Kitten is the young one of a Cat and Puppy is the young one of a Dog.

1. Butterfly: Caterpillar
2. Lion : Cub
3. Cow : Calf
4. Hen : Chick
5. Giraffe : Calf
6. Fish : Fry
7. Frog : Tadpole
8. Butterfly : Caterpillar
9. Buffalo : Calf
10. Spider: Spider ling
11. Pig : Piglet
12. Owl : Owlet
13. Kangaroo : Joey
14. Goat: Kid
15. Rabbit: Kit
16. Deer: Fawn
17. Sheep : Lamb
18. Caw : Calf
19. Horse : Foal
20. Elephant: Calf
21. Duck : Duckling
22. Tiger: Cub

• Commonly
• Select the pair which is related in the same way as the pair of words given in the question.

Rubber: Latex ::............:............

(a) Paper: Egg                      

(b) Furniture: Wood

(c) Yarn: Ore                       

(d) Ore: Seed

(e) None of these

Answer: (b)

Explanation: Rubber is made of latex and in the same way Furniture is made of wood. Therefore, option (b) is correct.

• Select the pair of words which are related in the same way as 'current' is related to ‘Ampere’.

(a) Power: Energy                  

(b) Pressure: Time

(c) Force: Newton                 

(d) Mass: Meter

(e) None of these

Answer: (c)

Explanation: 'Ampere' is the S.I. unit of 'current’ and in the same way 'newton' is the S.I. unit of 'force'. Therefore, option (c) is correct.