Two Wire Transmission Line
Category : JEE Main & Advanced
The most commonly used two wire lines are : Parallel wire, twisted pair wires and co-axial cable.
(1) Parallel wire line : In a two wire transmission line, two metallic wires are arranged parallel to each other inside a protective insulation coating.
(i) The wires may be hard or flexible depending on the power to be handled.
(ii) It is commonly used to connect an anteena with TV receiver.
(iii) Such wires can suffer from interferences and losses.
(2) Twisted pair wire : It consists of two insulated copper wires twisted around each other at regular intervals to minimize electrical interference.
(i) Twisted pair wires are used to connect telephone systems. It works well up to a distance of about 10 cm. They cannot transmit signals over very large distances.
(ii) They can be used for transmitting both, the analog and digital signals.
(iii) They are easy to install and cost effective.
(3) Coaxial wire lines : It consist of a central copper wire (which transmits the signals) surrounded by a PVC insulation over which a sleeve of copper mesh (outer conductor) is placed. The outer conductor is normally connected to ground and thus it provides an electrical shield to the signals carried by the central conductor. The outer conductor is externally covered with a polymer jacket for protection.
(i) Co-axial line wires can be used for microwaves and ultra high frequency waves.
(ii) The communication through co-axial lines is more efficient than through a twisted pair wire lines.
(iii) Co-axial cables can be gas filled also. To reduce flash over between the conductor handling high power, N2-gas is used in the cable.
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