Answer:
Location
A pair of kidneys are present in human beings, located in the abdomen one on
either side of the backbone. (1)
Structure It is bean-shaped, reddish brown in colour.
The renal artery brings the impure blood containing waste substances
into the kidneys, while renal vein carries away the pure blood from the
kidneys. Kidney contains nephrons in large number. (1)
Structure of human kidney is shown below
(1)
The main functions of kidneys are
(i) Nephrons are the basic filtration unit of human beings.
It removes poisonous substances such as urea and other salts along with excess
water from the blood and urine that is excreted out from the body.
(ii) It regulates the osmotic pressure/water balance of the
blood.
(iii) It regulates pH of the blood. (2)
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