12th Class English Comprehension Question Bank

done MCQs - Case Based Unseen Passage-9 Total Questions - 7

• question_answer1)

  Direction (1-7): Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions.

  The time it will take to close the gender gap narrowed is 99.5 years in 2019. While an improvement on 2018 -when the gap was calculated to take 108 years to close-it still means that parity between men and women across health, education, work and politics will take more than a lifetime to achieve. This is the finding of the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2020.

  According to the report, this year's improvement can largely be ascribed to a significant increase in the number of women in politics. The political gender gap will take 95 years to close, compared to 107 years last year. Worldwide in 2019, women now hold 25.2% of parliamentary lower-house seats and 21.2% of ministerial positions, compared to 24.1% and 19% respectively last year.

  Politics, however, remains the area where least progress has been made to date. With Educational Attainment and Health and Survival much closer to parity on 96.1% and 95.7% respectively, the other major battlefield is economic participation. Here, the gap widened in 2019 from 58.1% in 2018 to 57.8%. Looking simply at the progress that has been made since

  2006 when the World Economic Forum first began measuring the gender gap, this economic gender gap will take 257 years to close, compared to 202 years last year.

  The report attributes the economic gender gap to a number of factors. These include stubbornly low levels of women in managerial or leadership positions, wage stagnation, labour force participation and income. Women have been hit by a triple whammy: first, they are more highly represented in many of the roles that have been hit hardest by automation, for example, retail and white-collar clerical roles.

  Second, not enough women are entering those professions -often but not exclusively technology-driven -where wage growth has been the most pronounced. As a result, women in work too often find themselves in middle-low wage categories that have been stagnant since the financial crisis 10 years ago.

  Third, perennial factors such as lack of care infrastructure and lack of access to capital strongly limit women's workforce opportunities. Women spend at least twice as much time on care and voluntary work in every country where data is available, and lack of access to capital prevents women from pursuing entrepreneurial activity, another key driver of income.One positive development is the possibility that a "role model effect" may be starting to have an impact in terms of leadership and possibly also wages.

  For example, in eight of the top 10 countries, high political empowerment corresponds with high numbers of women in senior roles. Comparing changes in political empowerment from 2006 to 2019 shows that improvements in political representation occurred simultaneously with improvements in women in senior roles in the labour market.

  While this is a correlation, not a causation, in countries, where women have been in leadership roles for relatively longer and social norms started to change earlier, role model effects could contribute to shaping labour market outcomes.

  Possibly the greatest challenge preventing the economic gender gap from closing is women's under-representation in emerging roles. New analysis conducted in partnership with Linked in shows that women are, on average, heavily under-represented in most emerging professions. This gap is most pronounced across our "cloud computing" job cluster where only 12% of all professionals are women. The situation is hardly better in "engineering" (15%) and "Data and AP (26%), however women do outnumber men in two fast-growing job clusters, "content production" and "people and culture".

  According to our data, this reality presents leaders intent on addressing the gender gap in the future with two key challenges. The first and most obvious challenge is that more must be done to equip women with the skills to perform the most in-demand jobs.

  The second is possibly more complex. According to data, even where women have the relevant in-demand skill set they are not always equally represented. In data science, for example, 31% of those with the relevant skill set are women even though only 25% of roles are held by women. Likewise, there is no gender gap in terms of skills when it comes to digital specialists, however only 41%of these jobs are performed by women.

  According to the passage, the Global Gender Gap report functions to
  A)
  Provide an opportunity to advancing prosperous, inclusive and equitable economies and societies done clear
  B)
  Reduce gender parity in all fields. done clear
  C)
  Co-create a new vision in three interconnected areas: growth and competitiveness; education, skills and work; and equality and inclusion. done clear
  D)
  All of the above done clear
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• question_answer2)

  Pick the option that lists statements that are not true according to the passage.

  1. The report shows a reduction in gender gaps.

  2. The years that have been estimated to take to close the gender gaps have significantly reduced.

  3. The gap indicates that women are either under skilled or under represented.

  4. The report highlights content production as the field where women outnumber men.

  A)
  1 and 2             done clear
  B)
  2 and 3 done clear
  C)
  3 and 4             done clear
  D)
  None of these done clear
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• question_answer3)
  Which of the following graphs correctly represents the rate of female economic participation over the years?
  A)
  done clear
  B)
  done clear
  C)
  done clear
  D)
  done clear
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• question_answer4)
  Reference to wage stagnation shows
  A)
  Lack of gender equality done clear
  B)
  Economic gender gap done clear
  C)
  Lack of women leaders done clear
  D)
  Lack of economic freedom done clear
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• question_answer5)

  Based on the given data in the passage, choose the option that lists the statements that are TRUE.

  1. Lack of finances results in lack of women entrepreneurs.

  2. Today, more and more women are participating in technical positions.

  3. The percentage of women in senior roles has increased.

  4. Women are not skilled for the new emerging roles.

  A)
  1 and 2             done clear
  B)
  2 and 3 done clear
  C)
  1 and 3            done clear
  D)
  3 and 4 done clear
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• question_answer6)
  Which of the following statements is not substantiated by information in the passage?
  A)
  Role modeling has greatly affected leadership and wage parity percentages. done clear
  B)
  Political empowerment runs parallel to economic empowerment. done clear
  C)
  Social norms cannot shape labour market outcomes. done clear
  D)
  Women lag behind in proper representation in newly emerging job positions. done clear
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• question_answer7)
  Based on the passage given above choose the option that correctly represents the condition of politics, health and education in India as far as females are concerned.
  A)
  done clear
  B)
  done clear
  C)
  done clear
  D)
  done clear
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