question_answer

Now that you have noted down all these challenges, let us group these together into some broad categories. Given below are some spheres or sites of democratic politics. You may place against each of these the specific challenges that you noted for one or more countries or cartoons In the previous section. In addition to that write one item for India for each of these spheres. In case you find that some challenges do not fit into any of the categories given below, you can create new categories and put some Items under that.                  [NCERT]

Constitutional design
Democratic rights
Working of institutions
Elections
Federalism, decentralisation
Accommodation of diversity
Political organizations
Affidavit concerned with politics
Free and fair election

Answer:

Constitutional Design: Foundational challenge related to Constituent Assembly and framing of constitution. China, Nepal, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Belgium.

Democratic Rights: Deepening and Expansion of Democracy in dictatorships. Poland, Saudi Arabia, Guantanamo Bay and US Civil Rights.

Working of Institutions: The Foundational Challenges in non- democratic countries, International Organisations, Mexico and China.

Elections: Deepening of Democracy in the way of tree, fair election and popular participation. Mexico.

Federalism. Decentralisation: Deepening of Democracy at grass-roots levels i.e. local self-government. Yugoslavia and Belgium.

Accommodation of Diversity: Expansion of Democracy towards socio-economic equality Belgium, Northern Ireland, Yugoslavia, Iraq.

Political Organisations: The foundational challenges in democratic and non-democratic institutions in the forms of pressure groups and political parties. Northern Ireland, Ghana and South Africa

Affidavit Concerned with Politics: Challenge of corruption in Indian politics regarding politician?s criminal records and possessions. India.

Free and Fair Election: Challenge of criminalization in Indian Politics in the way of use of money and muscle power. India.