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Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Soft-bodies animals like caterpillars often fall prey to voracious hunters like birds or reptiles. Despite having no means to 'actively' defend themselves, with weapons like claws or jaws, they have nevertheless evolved other equally effective deterrents. A particular species of the caterpillar lives at an altitude of over 2,500 meters in the Himalayas. It use prominent colours to inform would-be predators of its in-edibility. In the event that an inexperienced or adventurous bird did eat the caterpillar, it would probably vomit it out soon after, and subsequently desist from attacking similar species in the future. Though this would do the unfortunate victim no good, the species benefit, a rare example of the martyr among animals.

The expression 'other equally effective deterrents' means:

 

A) preventive weapons which have equal effect on other

B) mechanism which scares everyone equally well

C) preventive equipment which is as effective as something that has been already

D) deterrents that are as powerful as those the caterpillars have

E) None of these