Answer:
Reasons for the nationalist upsurge in 19th century Europe.
(i) Oppression of the people under absolute rulers. (ii) Liberal ideas spread by well-known philosophers and leaders. (iii) The French Revolution (1789) inspired the people to fight for freedom. The slogan Liberty, Equality and Fraternity became the clarion call for the common. (iv) With the outbreak of revolutionary wars the French army and its soldiers began to carry the idea of nationalism abroad.
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