Answer:
(i) The First World War ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. (ii) There were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor?the spiritual head of the Islamic world?the Khalifa. (iii) To defend the Khalifa's temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919. (iv) A young generation of Muslim leaders like the Alt brothers, Muhammad Alt and Shaukat Ali, began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on the issue. (v) Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified movement called 'Khilafat and Non-cooperation Movement'.
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