Answer:
Ans. Albert Ellis formulated Rational Emotive therapy (RET). Basic Assumption: Irrational beliefs, negative thinking and faulty generalization are the cause of disorders. These negative thoughts intervene between the antecedent events and their consequences. RET is a form of cognitive therapy that focuses on persuading individuals to recognize and change irrational assumptions that underlie their thinking. [Here is an example, suppose that one day, your current romantic partner dumps you (break up). This is certainly an unpleasant event, but it thrashes your self- esteem and causes you to become deeply depressed? Ellis argues that this depends on how you think about it if you develop irrational beliefs such as everyone must love me or I cant control my emotions. I must feel totally crushed by this reflection you may well become depressed.] The first step in RET is the ABC analysis (antecedent-belief-consequence analysis). Antecedent analysis refers to identify cause of the psychological distress (i.e., break up in relationship in the given example). Analysis of belief refers to understanding of ones own thinking which is not based on facts, e.g. no body loves me. Consequence analysis refers to negative emotions and behaviour, i.e., depression. Treatment Method: Antecedent events are identified. Irrational beliefs are assessed through questionnaires and interviews. Therapist persuades and sometimes challenges the irrationality of clients belief through gentle, nondirective, non probing questioning, non judgemental but though provoking questions. The questions make the client to think deeper into his/her assumptions about life and problems. Gradually the client is able to change the irrational beliefs by making change in his/her outlook towards life. The rational belief system replaces the irrational belief system and there is a reduction in psychological distress.
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