Answer:
Vigorous contraction of the uterus at the end of pregnancy causes expulsion/delivery of the foetus. This process of delivery of the foetus (childbirth) is called parturition. Parturition is induced by a complex neuroendocrine mechanism. The signals of parturition originate from the fully developed foetus and the placenta, which induce mild uterine contractions called foetal-ejection reflex. (a) This triggers the release of oxytocin from the maternal pituitary. It promotes contractions of uterine muscles, which inturn stimulate further secretion of oxytocin. (b) The stimulatory reflex between the uterine contraction and oxytocin secretion continues resulting in stronger contractions. This leads to the expulsion of the baby out of the uterus through the birth canal. (c) Soon after the birth of baby, placenta is also expelled out of the uterus. Relaxin hormone relaxes the pelvic ligaments of mother to prepare for the childbirth.
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