Answer:
Small volume cultures cannot yield appreciable quantities of products. To produce products in large-quantities, bioreactors are used. Bio-reactors are vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products, individual enzymes etc. using microbial plant, animal and human cells.
A bioreactor providing the optimal conditions such as temperature, pH, substrate, vitamins, oxygen and salts for obtaining the desired products.
(a) Simple stirred-tank bioreactor: (b) Sparged stirred-tank bioreactor through which sterile air bubbles are sparged
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